Organic chemistry explores the chemistry of carbon compounds, focusing on the structural properties that allow carbon to form a vast array of molecules. The topic covers the classification of compounds into homologous series based on functional groups, including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters. It examines the industrial separation of crude oil via fractional distillation, the modification of hydrocarbons through cracking, and the synthesis of polymers. Central to this topic is the relationship between molecular structure, nomenclature, and chemical reactivity.
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