What is the difference between OCR GCSE History A and B?

OCR offers two distinct GCSE History specifications: A (Explaining the Modern World, J410) and B (Schools History Project, J411). History A concentrates heavily on 20th‑century international relations, alongside a British depth study and a non‑British period study. History B follows the Schools History Project approach, combining a long‑span thematic study, a historic environment, a British depth study, a global period study and a modern depth study. Most schools opting for OCR choose History B because it allows far more flexibility in topic combinations and is rooted in the popular SHP principles of source‑based enquiry and people’s history. Both are entirely exam‑based, equally challenging, and respected by sixth forms and employers.

Is there any coursework for OCR GCSE History?

No, there is no coursework, controlled assessment or non‑exam assessment (NEA) in OCR GCSE History. The entire qualification is assessed through three timed, written exam papers that you will sit at the end of Year 11. This means your final grade is determined solely by your performance on these exams, testing your ability to recall knowledge, analyse sources, and construct coherent historical arguments under pressure.

What topics are typically studied in OCR GCSE History?

The actual topics depend on your school’s choices, but common combinations include: for the thematic study — Crime and Punishment, c.1250–present with Whitechapel as the historic environment, or The People’s Health, c.1250–present with the Black Death; a British depth study such as The Norman Conquest, 1065–1087; a period study like The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707; and a modern depth study such as Germany, 1925–1955. There are many alternatives, including Migration, the American West, the Elizabethans, Viking Expansion, China under Mao, and the USA in the 20th century, giving enormous scope to study periods and places that interest you.

How can I revise effectively for the OCR GCSE exams?

Successful revision for OCR GCSE History requires mastering both content and exam technique. Start by building timelines and mind maps for each topic, focusing on key events, individuals and the core concepts of change, causation and significance. Practise with past papers and mark schemes (available on the OCR website) to become comfortable with the style of questions — especially source evaluation and essay writing. Pay special attention to the historic environment questions, where you must link your knowledge of a specific site to the broader thematic study. Reading examiner reports will also help you understand what a high‑grade answer looks like and avoid common pitfalls.

How many exams are there in OCR GCSE History and how long are they?

There are three written examinations. Paper 1 (Thematic study and historic environment) is 1 hour 45 minutes and is worth 40% of the GCSE. Paper 2 (British depth study and period study) is 1 hour 15 minutes, contributing 25%. Paper 3 (Modern depth study) also lasts 1 hour 45 minutes and accounts for the remaining 35%. Typically these are spread across two exam series, with the two longer papers (1 and 3) falling in the summer of Year 11 and Paper 2 sometimes taken in the autumn or spring, depending on your school’s timetable.

History OCR GCSE Topics & Revision

The OCR GCSE History specification covers 12 topics. Use MasteryMind to revise every topic with learning objectives, exam tips, and practice questions aligned to your exact specification.

Topics Covered

E2E stub topic
International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with China 1950–1981
International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with Germany 1925–1955
International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with South Africa 1960–1994
International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with The USA 1919–1948
International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with The USA 1945–1974
Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010
Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 to 2014
War and British Society c.790 to c.2010
The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730 with Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration
The English Reformation c.1520–c.1550 with Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 with Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750

Exam Tips for OCR GCSE History

When answering questions on causation, explicitly weigh the Treaty of Versailles against other factors (e.g., Weimar constitution, economic crises) using comparative language like 'more significant than' or 'a catalyst rather than a root cause'.
Integrate specific factual details (dates, figures, key individuals) to substantiate arguments—e.g., reference the Ruhr occupation (1923) and its cost when discussing French enforcement.
For source analysis questions, practise identifying the provenance and tone of contemporary sources (e.g., German propaganda, British cartoons) to evaluate reliability before using them as evidence.
Ensure you can explain how and why interpretations of Appeasement have changed over time.
Use second-order concepts like causation and consequence to link the 1920s agreements to the 1930s crises.
Focus on the 'unfolding narrative' of international relations rather than just memorizing isolated facts.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Confusing the Treaty of Versailles with other post-war treaties (e.g., Saint-Germain, Trianon) or attributing all German problems solely to the treaty without considering pre-existing weaknesses.
Oversimplifying the link between the treaty and the Nazi rise by ignoring the role of the Great Depression, charismatic leadership, and political manoeuvring.
Failing to distinguish between the 'war guilt' clause (Article 231) and the actual reparations bill, leading to inaccurate claims about German culpability.
Describing territorial changes without explaining their economic or strategic significance, resulting in a superficial account.
Failing to link the economic depression to political instability in Europe.

Key Terms

Reparations and economic instability
Territorial changes and national humiliation
Political repercussions and the rise of extremism
The League of Nations and collective security
International reactions and revisionist policies

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History

OCR

GCSE

Specification: J410

The OCR GCSE History specification covers 12 topics with 0 learning objectives (J410). Use the topic browser below to explore subtopics, exam tips, common mistakes, and key terminology for each area of the course.

History develops your ability to analyse evidence, evaluate interpretations and construct arguments about the past. You'll explore significant events, people and societies while developing critical thinking skills.

Topics

Objectives

262

Exam Tips

132

Pitfalls

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Study Guides

13 revision guides for OCR GCSE History

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Key Features

Analyse primary sources
Evaluate historical interpretations
Understand cause and consequence
Construct evidenced arguments

About OCR GCSE History

OCR’s GCSE History (9–1) qualification (Schools History Project, specification J411) is designed to nurture a genuine passion for the past by exploring fascinating themes from the medieval period right up to the modern day. Embracing the Schools History Project (SHP) philosophy, this specification focuses on the experiences of ordinary people alongside major political and international developments, helping students understand how the world around them has been shaped. The course is structured around three examined components, each offering a distinct historical lens, ensuring you gain a broad and well-balanced perspective that strengthens your analytical and critical thinking skills.

At the heart of the course is a thematic study over a long period of time, such as Crime and Punishment or The People’s Health, which charts changes and continuities across centuries. This is paired with an in‑depth investigation of a historical environment — a specific site like Whitechapel in the 19th century — teaching you how historians use physical evidence to construct narratives. Together, these elements build your ability to evaluate sources and recognise how different interpretations of history develop, skills that are central to all three exam papers.

Alongside the thematic study, you will explore a British depth study (e.g. the Norman Conquest or the Elizabethans) and a period study focusing on a contrasting non‑British society, such as the Mughal Empire or China under Mao. The course is completed by a modern depth study examining a 20th‑century country or region in detail, such as Germany during the Weimar and Nazi eras or the USA between the wars. This rich combination of British and global history equips you with the tools to analyse complex historical questions and articulate clear, evidence‑based arguments — highly valued attributes for further study and a wide range of careers.

Assessment Structure

GCSE History from OCR is 100% externally assessed through three written examinations taken at the end of the course. Paper 1 (Thematic study and the historic environment) is 1 hour 45 minutes long, carries 80 marks and accounts for 40% of your final grade. Paper 2 (British depth study and period study) is 1 hour 15 minutes, worth 50 marks (25%). Paper 3 (Modern depth study) also lasts 1 hour 45 minutes, is marked out of 80 and contributes 35%. All question papers include a mix of source analysis, essay writing, and questions on historical interpretations; there is no coursework or controlled assessment.

Why Choose OCR?

OCR’s History B specification offers unrivalled flexibility: schools can select from a huge range of topics, allowing them to build a course that genuinely reflects students’ interests — whether that is the medieval world, the rise of modern China, or social history like crime and punishment. This personalisation can significantly boost engagement and enjoyment.
The Schools History Project approach places a unique emphasis on using historical evidence and investigating real sites. The historic environment component, in particular, teaches you to think like a historian detective, creating a dynamic and memorable learning experience that goes beyond reading a textbook.
OCR provides exceptionally strong support for both learners and teachers, including high‑quality published resources, detailed online materials, and a wealth of past papers and examiner commentary. This makes it easier to understand exactly what is expected and how to revise effectively, giving you a clear path to success.

Frequently Asked Questions

Assessment Objectives

AO1

45%

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the key features and characteristics of the historical periods studied

AO2

35%

Explain and analyse historical events and periods studied using second-order historical concepts.

AO3

15%

Analyse, evaluate and use sources (contemporary to the period) to make substantiated judgements, in the context of historical events studied.

AO4

15%

Analyse, evaluate and make substantiated judgements about interpretations (including how and why interpretations may differ) in the context of historical events studied.

What Gets Top Grades

A*/Grade 9

Knowledge & Understanding

Demonstrates comprehensive and accurate knowledge

Uses correct subject-specific terminology
Shows detailed understanding of concepts
Makes accurate connections between topics
Demonstrates depth beyond surface-level knowledge

Application

Applies knowledge effectively to new contexts

Selects relevant knowledge for the question
Adapts understanding to unfamiliar scenarios
Uses examples appropriately
Shows awareness of context

Analysis & Evaluation

Develops sophisticated analytical arguments

Constructs logical chains of reasoning
Considers multiple perspectives
Weighs evidence to reach justified conclusions
Acknowledges limitations and nuances

Key Command Words

OCR

State

1 mark

Give a single fact or term

Identify

1 mark

Name or select

Describe

2-4 marks

Account of process or features

Explain

3-6 marks

Give reasons with BUSINESS-FACING outcomes

Analyse

6-9 marks

Examine methodically showing cause→effect→outcome

Evaluate

9-12 marks

Judge, weigh up evidence, reach SYNOPTIC conclusion

Common Exam Mistakes

Pitfalls to avoid in your exams

•Confusing the Treaty of Versailles with other post-war treaties (e.g., Saint-Germain, Trianon) or attributing all German problems solely to the treaty without considering pre-existing weaknesses.
•Oversimplifying the link between the treaty and the Nazi rise by ignoring the role of the Great Depression, charismatic leadership, and political manoeuvring.
•Failing to distinguish between the 'war guilt' clause (Article 231) and the actual reparations bill, leading to inaccurate claims about German culpability.
•Describing territorial changes without explaining their economic or strategic significance, resulting in a superficial account.
•Failing to link the economic depression to political instability in Europe.
•Treating Appeasement as a single, static policy rather than a complex process with changing interpretations.
•Over-focusing on specific events without explaining their contribution to the overall narrative of international relations.
•Neglecting the role of international agreements in the 1920s when discussing the 1930s failures.

Top Examiner Tips

Expert advice for exam success

•When answering questions on causation, explicitly weigh the Treaty of Versailles against other factors (e.g., Weimar constitution, economic crises) using comparative language like 'more significant than' or 'a catalyst rather than a root cause'.
•Integrate specific factual details (dates, figures, key individuals) to substantiate arguments—e.g., reference the Ruhr occupation (1923) and its cost when discussing French enforcement.
•For source analysis questions, practise identifying the provenance and tone of contemporary sources (e.g., German propaganda, British cartoons) to evaluate reliability before using them as evidence.
•Ensure you can explain how and why interpretations of Appeasement have changed over time.
•Use second-order concepts like causation and consequence to link the 1920s agreements to the 1930s crises.
•Focus on the 'unfolding narrative' of international relations rather than just memorizing isolated facts.
•Practice analyzing unseen extracts of historical interpretations.
•Ensure you can explain how the context of the historian (e.g., Cold War vs. post-1990) influences their view of appeasement.

Specification Topics

12 topics

E2E stub topic

This subtopic examines the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the immediate and long-term consequences for Germany in the interwar period. Learners analyse how the treaty shaped political, economic, and social conditions, leading to widespread resentment and instability that facilitated the rise of extremist movements. This knowledge is essential for understanding the fragility of post-war settlements and their role in shaping 20th-century history.

E2E stub subtopic

0 objectives3 tips4 pitfalls

International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with China 1950–1981

This topic covers the international relations narrative from 1918 to 1939, focusing on the Versailles Peace Settlement, the League of Nations, international agreements in the 1920s, disarmament, the impact of the worldwide economic depression, and the rise of tension in Europe in the 1930s, including the failure of the League, the policy of Appeasement, and the outbreak of war in 1939.

Conflict and co-operation 1918–1939, Changing interpretations of Appeasement, Changing interpretations of the responsibility for the Cold War +5 more

0 objectives27 tips10 pitfalls8 subtopics

International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with Germany 1925–1955

This topic covers the international relations landscape from 1918 to 1939, focusing on the Versailles Peace Settlement, the role and failures of the League of Nations, international agreements in the 1920s, the impact of the Great Depression, and the rise of tensions in the 1930s leading to the policy of Appeasement and the outbreak of the Second World War.

Conflict and co-operation 1918–1939, Cold War confrontations and conflict 1954–1975, Changing interpretations of Appeasement +5 more

0 objectives31 tips23 pitfalls8 subtopics

International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with South Africa 1960–1994

The Cold War in Europe 1945–1961: Rising Tensions covers the post-WWII geopolitical shift, focusing on the actions of the USSR in Eastern Europe, the response of the USA and its allies, the division of Germany, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

The Cold War in Europe 1945–1961: Rising Tensions, Growing resistance and repression c.1970s, The collapse of apartheid c.1980s–1994 +5 more

0 objectives28 tips7 pitfalls8 subtopics

International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with The USA 1919–1948

This subtopic examines the impact of the Second World War on US society, focusing on the mobilization of the population, the role of government, and the social consequences of the war effort between 1919 and 1948.

The impact of the Second World War on US society, Conflict and co-operation 1918–1939, The Cold War in Europe 1945–1961: Rising Tensions +5 more

0 objectives29 tips11 pitfalls8 subtopics

International Relations: the changing international order 1918–1975 with The USA 1945–1974

This topic examines the changing historical interpretations of the policy of Appeasement, specifically focusing on how and why these interpretations have evolved over time due to the influence of the Second World War, the Cold War, and the emergence of new evidence from c.1990 onwards.

Changing interpretations of Appeasement, Changing interpretations of the responsibility for the Cold War, Civil Rights in the USA 1954–1964 +5 more

0 objectives27 tips11 pitfalls8 subtopics

Migration to Britain c.1000 to c.2010

This thematic study examines patterns of change and continuity in migration to Britain over a long period, specifically focusing on the era c.1000–1500 as part of the broader c.1000–c.2010 scope. It covers population diversity, the impact of the Norman Conquest, the arrival and treatment of Jews, and the lives and integration of resident 'aliens' in medieval England.

c.1000–1500, –c.2010, c.1500–1900

0 objectives11 tips3 subtopics

Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 to 2014

This thematic study covers the evolution of power in Britain from c.1000 to 2014, tracing the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy and finally to parliamentary democracy. It examines the changing roles of individuals, institutions, and groups in holding, claiming, maintaining, and challenging power.

c.1485–c.1800, c.1800–2014, c.1000–c.1485

0 objectives13 tips12 pitfalls3 subtopics

War and British Society c.790 to c.2010

This thematic study focuses on the relationship between war and society in Britain from c.790 to c.2010. The c.1500–c.1750 period examines the impact of warfare on the prestige and power of the monarch, relations with Parliament, the role of privateers, border warfare, the Civil Wars (1642–1651), and the Jacobite Wars (1715 and 1745).

c.1500–c.1750, c.790–c.1500, c.1750–c.2010

0 objectives13 tips12 pitfalls3 subtopics

The Impact of Empire on Britain 1688–c.1730 with Urban Environments: Patterns of Migration

This study focuses on the impact of migration on a specific urban environment (a defined area of a port city with a long history of immigration). It examines how the physical fabric of the site, alongside documentary and other source material, reflects patterns of migration, the experiences of immigrant groups, and their reception by settled populations.

The impact of migration on the area, Economic impact of empire on Britain 1688–c.1730, Political and social impact of empire on Britain 1688–c.1730 +5 more

0 objectives29 tips16 pitfalls8 subtopics

The English Reformation c.1520–c.1550 with Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750

This study focuses on the physical fabric and historical development of Kenilworth Castle, examining its changing appearance, layout, and functions from c.1000 to 1750. It requires students to use physical and documentary evidence to understand how the castle's purpose evolved over time, including its roles in military defence, administration, and as a residence for elites.

The appearance and layout of Kenilworth Castle at different times in its history, English Reformation c.1520–c.1535, Dissolution of the Monasteries c.1534–c.1540 +5 more

0 objectives28 tips16 pitfalls8 subtopics

Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 with Castles: Form and Function c.1000–1750

This subtopic focuses on the political and religious impact of the English Civil War between 1642 and 1649, examining the breakdown of negotiations between Parliament and Charles I, the rise of radical political and religious groups, and the eventual execution of the King and establishment of the Republic.

The political and religious impact of war 1642–1649, The appearance and layout of Kenilworth Castle at different times in its history, Day to day function(s) of Kenilworth Castle at different times in its history +5 more

0 objectives23 tips10 pitfalls8 subtopics

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