Pilot studies

    AQA
    GCSE

    Pilot studies function as a critical component of the research design phase (AO1), acting as a small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, and adverse events prior to the main research project. In examination responses, candidates must move beyond the basic definition of a 'dry run' to analyse how pilots refine operationalization, test the validity of research instruments, and ensure the reliability of data collection methods (AO3). High-scoring responses will link pilot studies to the prevention of the 'imposition problem' and the optimization of sampling frames, citing specific sociological examples where piloting altered the research trajectory.

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    Objectives
    4
    Exam Tips
    3
    Pitfalls
    3
    Key Terms
    4
    Mark Points

    What You Need to Demonstrate

    Key skills and knowledge for this topic

    • Define a pilot study explicitly as a small-scale trial run conducted before the main research.
    • Explain the function of identifying ambiguous or leading questions to improve validity.
    • Link pilot studies to the assessment of practical feasibility, specifically time management and funding allocation.
    • Credit responses that discuss the role of pilot studies in training interviewers to ensure standardisation and reliability.

    Marking Points

    Key points examiners look for in your answers

    • Define a pilot study explicitly as a small-scale trial run conducted before the main research.
    • Explain the function of identifying ambiguous or leading questions to improve validity.
    • Link pilot studies to the assessment of practical feasibility, specifically time management and funding allocation.
    • Credit responses that discuss the role of pilot studies in training interviewers to ensure standardisation and reliability.

    Examiner Tips

    Expert advice for maximising your marks

    • 💡When answering 'Explain' questions, use the 'Point, Explain, Apply' structure.
    • 💡Explicitly link the pilot study to the concept of 'validity'—examiners look for this specific terminology.
    • 💡If an Item is provided, quote the specific potential issue (e.g., 'sensitive topic') that necessitates a pilot.
    • 💡Distinguish between checking the *method* (questionnaire design) and checking the *sample* (access issues).

    Common Mistakes

    Pitfalls to avoid in your exam answers

    • Confusing pilot studies with longitudinal studies or sampling methods.
    • Stating that pilot studies 'get data' for the final results rather than testing the instrument itself.
    • Failing to apply the concept to the specific context of the Item (e.g., explaining why a pilot is needed for *sensitive* topics).

    Key Terminology

    Essential terms to know

    Likely Command Words

    How questions on this topic are typically asked

    Identify
    Describe
    Explain
    Discuss
    Evaluate
    Examine

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