Pearson Edexcel · GCSE · History
Course version: 1HI0 · Version from Sept 2016
The historic environment - 1 Notting Hill, c1948–c1970: The local context…
Full specification wording
Option 13: The historic environment - 1 Notting Hill, c1948–c1970: The local context of Notting Hill. The reasons for Caribbean migration to the area. The problems of housing: houses of multiple occupation (HMOs), overcrowding and slum landlords, e.g. Peter Rachman. Bruce Kenrick and the Notting Hill Housing Trust. The development of Portobello Road market.
Notting Hill in the post-war period was a deprived area with cheap, run-down housing, attracting Caribbean migrants who faced discrimination elsewhere.
Checked against the Pearson Edexcel 1HI0 specification (opens in a new tab) on .
- Point 1 of 5
- 4 key terms
Study notes
From the checked teaching notes for this specification point.
The idea
Notting Hill in the post-war period was a deprived area with cheap, run-down housing, attracting Caribbean migrants who faced discrimination elsewhere. Many were forced into Houses of Multiple Occupation (HMOs), leading to severe overcrowding. Slum landlords like Peter Rachman exploited this by charging exorbitant rents for squalid conditions, often using intimidation. In response to this housing crisis, Bruce Kenrick founded the Notting Hill Housing Trust in 1963 to buy properties and provide affordable, decent homes. Concurrently, Portobello Road market developed into a vibrant economic and social hub, offering employment and a place for the growing community to purchase familiar goods and interact.
What earns the marks
- Explain how the availability of cheap, multi-let housing attracted Caribbean migrants to Notting Hill.
- Describe the conditions of HMOs, including severe overcrowding and the lack of basic amenities.
- Evaluate the role of slum landlords like Peter Rachman in exploiting migrant tenants through high rents and intimidation.
- Assess the impact of Bruce Kenrick and the Notting Hill Housing Trust in improving local housing conditions.
- Explain the significance of Portobello Road market in providing economic opportunities and a community hub.
Common mistakes and how to put them right
Stating that Peter Rachman was a Caribbean migrant.
Put it right: He was a landlord who exploited migrants.
Confusing the Notting Hill Housing Trust with a government initiative.
Put it right: It was a charitable organisation founded by Bruce Kenrick.
Assuming Caribbean migrants chose HMOs out of preference.
Put it right: They were often forced into them due to a colour bar in the wider housing market.
Exam tips
- Use Peter Rachman as a specific example when discussing the exploitation of migrants in the housing sector.
- Link the development of Portobello Road market to the economic survival and social cohesion of the Caribbean community.
- When evaluating housing problems, explicitly mention HMOs and describe the specific conditions of overcrowding.
Try the lesson
The start of the Option 13: The historic environment - 1 Notting Hill, c1948–c1970: The local context of Notting Hill. The reasons for Caribbean migration to the area. The problems of housing: houses of multiple occupation (HMOs), overcrowding and slum landlords, e.g. Peter Rachman. Bruce Kenrick and the Notting Hill Housing Trust. The development of Portobello Road market. lesson, made from checked teaching notes for this specification point.
Have a go first
Who was Peter Rachman in the context of Notting Hill during the 1950s?
Listen
Notting Hill in the post-war period was a deprived area with cheap, run-down housing, attracting Caribbean migrants who faced discrimination elsewhere. Many were forced into Houses of Multiple Occupation (HMOs), leading to severe overcrowding. Slum landlords like Peter Rachman exploited this by charging exorbitant rents for squalid conditions, often using intimidation. In response to this housing crisis, Bruce Kenrick founded the Notting Hill Housing Trust in 1963 to buy properties and provide affordable, decent homes. Concurrently, Portobello Road market developed into a vibrant economic and social hub, offering employment and a place for the growing community to purchase familiar goods and interact. A strong answer earns marks for these points. Explain how the availability of cheap, multi-let housing attracted Caribbean migrants to Notting Hill. Describe the conditions of HMOs, including severe overcrowding and the lack of basic amenities. Evaluate the role of slum landlords like Peter Rachman in exploiting migrant tenants through high rents and intimidation. Assess the impact of Bruce Kenrick and the Notting Hill Housing Trust in improving local housing conditions. Exam tip: Use Peter Rachman as a specific example when discussing the exploitation of migrants in the housing sector.
Key words
Say what each word means before you turn the card.
Migration and settlement
Try answering aloud or in your head before turning the card.
Housing and living conditions
Try answering aloud or in your head before turning the card.
Economic exploitation
Try answering aloud or in your head before turning the card.
Community action and charity
Try answering aloud or in your head before turning the card.
See every definition
- Migration and settlement
- Caribbean migrants moved to Notting Hill, a deprived area with cheap, run-down housing, after facing discrimination elsewhere.
- Housing and living conditions
- Many migrants were forced into houses of multiple occupation, leading to severe overcrowding and squalid conditions.
- Economic exploitation
- Slum landlords like Peter Rachman charged exorbitant rents for squalid conditions, often using intimidation against migrant tenants.
- Community action and charity
- Bruce Kenrick founded the Notting Hill Housing Trust in 1963 to buy properties and provide affordable, decent homes.
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Test your understanding of Option 13: The historic environment - 1 Notting Hill, c1948–c1970: The local context of Notting Hill. The reasons for Caribbean migration to the area. The problems of housing: houses of multiple occupation (HMOs), overcrowding and slum landlords, e.g. Peter Rachman. Bruce Kenrick and the Notting Hill Housing Trust. The development of Portobello Road market.
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