Animal Care & Veterinary

    OCN London
    Vocational

    Specification: 603/3465/4

    The OCN-LONDON Vocational Animal Care & Veterinary specification covers 91 topics with 625 learning objectives (603/3465/4). Use the topic browser below to explore subtopics, exam tips, common mistakes, and key terminology for each area of the course.

    This subject will help you develop key knowledge and skills required for exam success.

    91

    Units

    625

    Learning Outcomes

    508

    Assessment Guidance

    551

    Key Skills

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    Key Features

    • Master key concepts
    • Develop exam technique
    • Apply knowledge effectively

    Common Exam Mistakes

    Pitfalls to avoid in your exams

    • •Confusing anatomical directional terms, especially cranial/caudal vs anterior/posterior, or using human terminology erroneously.
    • •Assuming all bones heal uniformly without considering blood supply and loading principles, overlooking the role of controlled weight-bearing.
    • •Misinterpreting spinal segment mobility, overlooking that some vertebrae are fused (e.g., sacrum) or have limited motion.
    • •Failing to distinguish between tendons and ligaments in terms of attachment (muscle to bone vs bone to bone) and their functional roles.
    • •Overlooking the role of eccentric muscle contractions during water immersion, focusing only on concentric actions.
    • •Believing that hydrotherapy is safe without considering neurological impairments that affect limb placement and proprioception.
    • •Confusing correlation with causation when interpreting event associations—overlooking confounding variables.
    • •Misinterpreting body language by relying on single signals rather than clusters and context.

    Top Examiner Tips

    Expert advice for exam success

    • •Always link anatomical features to functional implications in water, not just static descriptions; demonstrate how buoyancy, resistance, and hydrostatic pressure impact each structure.
    • •Use correct veterinary-specific terminology consistently (e.g., antebrachium, not forearm; tarsus, not hock) throughout assessments.
    • •When discussing biomechanics, reference common gait patterns (walk, trot, pace) and how hydrotherapy modifies stride length, joint angles, and muscle activation.
    • •In assignment questions, apply knowledge to a given case study, showing how hydrotherapy can address specific structural deficits, such as post-surgical stifle rehabilitation.
    • •In case studies, always reference specific body language cues and link them to the dog's emotional state.
    • •Use the multi-level assessment framework explicitly in your answers—name each level and show how it informs the plan.
    • •When discussing operant conditioning, detail the four quadrants and justify quadrant selection based on the dog's needs and ethical considerations.
    • •Be precise with terminology: distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment, and between desensitisation and counterconditioning.

    Qualification Units

    91 units

    How this qualification is graded

    Vocational qualifications are marked against criteria, not an exam percentage. Each unit is assessed across three bands - build up from Pass by applying your knowledge to realistic workplace scenarios.

    Pass

    Accurately describe and explain the core knowledge for the unit and link it to the given scenario.

    Merit

    Apply and analyse that knowledge in detail, showing why it matters in the workplace context.

    Distinction

    Evaluate and justify decisions, weigh up alternatives and make well-reasoned professional recommendations.

    Anatomy, Physiology and Biomechanics for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element provides the foundational knowledge of canine anatomy, physiology and biomechanics essential for safe and effective hydrotherapy practice. It covers structural components from bones to nervous system, analysing how they function and interact during movement and water-based exercise. Understanding these principles enables hydrotherapists to design tailored rehabilitation programmes, anticipate compensatory mechanisms, and prevent injury.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International), OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy

    16 learning outcomes20 guidance points2 criteria

    Advanced Canine Behaviour Principles

    This subtopic delves into the neurophysiological underpinnings of canine behaviour, exploring how arousal and emotion interact with learned associations to shape behavioural responses. It equips practitioners with advanced frameworks for assessing coping strategies and applying operant conditioning within a multi-level behavioural modification context. Mastery of these principles is essential for developing effective, ethical, individualised intervention plans based on thorough case analysis.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    6 learning outcomes12 guidance points

    Action Planning for Own Development

    This element focuses on enabling learners to critically evaluate their own capabilities and aspirations within the animal care sector, then systematically align them with viable career pathways. Practical application involves creating a personalized development plan that identifies skill gaps, selects appropriate learning opportunities, and demonstrates proactive steps towards career goals. Mastery of this process equips learners with lifelong self-direction skills essential for professional growth in animal-related vocations.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Applied Anatomy and Physiology for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element provides advanced understanding of canine anatomical structures and physiological systems, emphasizing their direct application to hydrotherapy. Learners explore how cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, and musculoskeletal systems respond to water immersion and exercise, enabling safe, effective treatment planning. The knowledge gained underpins clinical reasoning, contraindication identification, and the optimisation of therapeutic outcomes in hydrotherapy practice.

    OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Applied Hydrotherapy Pool Techniques for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element delves into the practical application of hydrotherapy pool techniques for canines, bridging foundational knowledge of tissue healing, pain physiology, and fluid mechanics with hands-on treatment delivery. Learners explore how hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and viscosity influence therapeutic exercise, while mastering equipment use and safety protocols. The emphasis is on integrating evidence-based practice with meticulous documentation to optimise rehabilitation outcomes and maintain professional accountability.

    OCNLR Level 4 Award in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    9 learning outcomes14 guidance points2 criteria

    Dog Breeding: Care and Professional Standards

    This subtopic equips learners with the knowledge and skills to uphold professional care standards in dog breeding. It covers monitoring canine behaviour, safe handling practices, legal requirements for puppy sales, provision of suitable living environments, and comprehensive healthcare for breeding bitches and their litters. Mastery of these areas ensures breeders operate ethically, prioritize animal welfare, and comply with relevant legislation.

    OCNLR Level 3 Award in Dog Breeding: Welfare and Professional Standards

    7 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Assist with Feeding and Watering Horses

    This subtopic focuses on the essential routine of ensuring horses receive appropriate nutrition and hydration, fundamental to their health and performance. Learners will develop practical skills in preparing feed according to dietary requirements, safely distributing water, and maintaining hygiene standards. Mastery of these tasks is critical for entry-level roles in equine care, where consistent and safe practices directly impact animal welfare.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    7 learning outcomes15 guidance points2 criteria

    Applied Water Treadmill Techniques for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element integrates foundational knowledge of tissue healing and pain management with applied hydrotherapy principles, focusing on the safe and effective use of water treadmills to rehabilitate canine patients post-injury or surgery. Learners develop practical skills in hands-on support, equipment use, and session documentation, ensuring treatments are tailored to each dog's stage of recovery and biomechanical needs.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists, OCNLR Level 4 Award in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    16 learning outcomes27 guidance points3 criteria

    Canine Care in a Professional Day Care and Boarding Setting

    This element focuses on maintaining canine welfare within professional day care and boarding environments by monitoring behaviour and training, managing human-canine interactions, and preventing pain, injury, and disease. Learners will develop essential skills to observe group dynamics, intervene safely during conflicts, and implement proactive health and safety protocols. The content underpins legislative compliance and promotes positive, ethical practices that ensure the physical and psychological well-being of dogs in temporary care.

    OCNLR Level 3 Award in Professional Canine Day Care and Boarding

    1 learning outcomes5 guidance points

    Business and Compliance in Equine Assisted Services (EAS)

    This subtopic equips learners with the essential knowledge to establish and manage an Equine Assisted Services centre in compliance with legal, ethical, and professional standards. It covers risk management protocols, business planning, financial oversight, and stakeholder communication, ensuring a sustainable and safe practice that adheres to industry regulations.

    OCNLR Level 3 Diploma in Equine Assisted Services

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) for Enhancing Communication, Social Interaction, and Cognition

    This subtopic examines how Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) utilises horse-human interactions as a clinical tool to improve communication, social interaction, and cognitive processes. Students explore the underlying mechanisms, such as the biopsychosocial model, and learn to apply structured EAT techniques, including grooming, leading, and reflective processing, to scaffold communication and problem-solving skills. The unit critically evaluates the evidence base for EAT's effectiveness, emphasising measurable outcomes in therapeutic and educational contexts.

    OCNLR Level 5 Certificate for Equine Assisted Therapy Clinical Specialists

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Fishing and the Environment

    This element introduces learners to the regulatory and safety aspects of fishing activities, emphasizing the importance of environmental stewardship. It covers the legal requirements for fishing, including licences and permits, alongside essential health and safety practices to ensure personal well-being and the welfare of aquatic life. Learners also explore the water cycle and different types of water craft, linking these concepts to sustainable fishing and conservation efforts.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    10 learning outcomes16 guidance points2 criteria

    Critical Thinking

    This element equips learners with the fundamental critical thinking skills necessary for analysing information and making reasoned decisions in animal care settings. It covers identifying bias and assumptions, constructing logical arguments, and questioning evidence, which are essential for tasks ranging from interpreting veterinary advice to developing animal welfare plans. Mastering these skills ensures that practitioners can navigate complex scenarios with objectivity and professionalism.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Developing Confidence and Self-Esteem

    This element explores the psychological underpinnings of self-assurance and self-worth, essential for effective communication and safe practice within animal care environments. It examines how confidence impacts interactions with animals, colleagues, and clients, and provides practical strategies to build personal resilience and professional competence.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Grooming and Washing Horses

    This subtopic provides learners with the practical skills to safely groom and wash horses, essential for maintaining equine health and appearance. It covers the selection and correct use of grooming tools, washing techniques, and post-care equipment maintenance to ensure longevity and hygiene. Learners will also understand the importance of working safely around horses, including risk assessment and animal handling protocols, preparing them for entry-level roles in equine care settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    13 learning outcomes18 guidance points2 criteria

    Developing Confidence Working with Animals

    This element focuses on building learner confidence in safely interacting with and caring for domesticated animals by understanding their natural behaviours, origins, and physical and emotional needs. Learners will explore how to interpret animal body language, manage their own emotions, and apply health and safety protocols in practical settings, fostering a foundation for professional animal care roles. It aims to bridge theoretical knowledge with hands-on application, reducing anxiety and promoting competent, compassionate practice.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    12 learning outcomes15 guidance points2 criteria

    Improving Personal Productivity

    This element focuses on equipping learners with the skills to plan, use, and review digital software to enhance personal productivity in animal care settings. It covers the practical application of digital systems for task management, scheduling, and efficient workflow, essential for modern veterinary and animal care professions.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    9 learning outcomes14 guidance points2 criteria

    Introduction to Programming

    This subtopic introduces the foundational concepts of computer programming within the context of animal care and veterinary professions. Learners will explore how variables, sequencing, repetition, selection, and Boolean logic are applied to create simple programs that could automate tasks such as tracking animal health records, calculating medication dosages, or managing feeding schedules. The emphasis is on planning, coding, and debugging practical programs that support efficient animal care operations.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    12 learning outcomes19 guidance points2 criteria

    Digital Content Creation – Audio and Video

    This subtopic equips learners with the skills to design, develop, and produce digital publications that integrate audio and video elements. In animal care professions, such competencies enable the creation of engaging educational materials, promotional content for animal welfare organisations, and instructional guides on responsible pet ownership. Practical application focuses on using accessible software to combine text, images, sound, and video into a polished, audience-appropriate digital publication.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    11 learning outcomes17 guidance points2 criteria

    Introduction to Study Skills

    This subtopic equips learners with foundational study techniques essential for success in animal care qualifications. It covers personal learning skills development, effective information use, and practical planning to produce high-quality coursework. These skills are directly applicable to managing animal care studies and future professional development.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    10 learning outcomes14 guidance points2 criteria

    Digital Content Creation – Text and Image

    This element introduces learners to the fundamentals of digital content creation by combining text and images to produce publications relevant to animal care settings, such as care guides or promotional materials. Learners will develop practical skills in design, editing, and formatting using common software, ensuring outputs are clear, accurate, and fit for purpose.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    9 learning outcomes14 guidance points2 criteria

    Maintain the Health of Horses

    This subtopic equips learners with the practical skills and knowledge to monitor and maintain equine health through daily checks and husbandry. It covers recognising indicators of wellness and illness, providing supportive care for a sick horse, identifying common injuries and ailments, and safely handling horses for movement and turnout. Mastery of these competencies is essential for ensuring horse welfare in professional settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes17 guidance points2 criteria

    Essay Writing

    This element develops the foundational skills required to construct clear, structured, and evidence-based essays within animal care contexts. Learners will practice breaking down essay questions, planning logical arguments, conducting targeted research, and presenting information professionally—abilities essential for client communication, academic progression, and workplace documentation in the animal care sector.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Preparing, Cleaning And Maintaining Animal Accommodation

    This element focuses on the foundational practical skills required to ready, cleanse, and uphold animal living spaces to ensure welfare, hygiene, and safety standards. Learners must demonstrate competence in selecting appropriate materials, using cleaning agents safely, and performing routine checks to maintain accommodation in line with species-specific needs and infection control protocols.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    7 learning outcomes17 guidance points2 criteria

    Farm Animal Health

    This element introduces learners to the essential knowledge and skills required for maintaining health in farm animals, covering species identification, health monitoring, safe handling, and assisting with veterinary care. It emphasises practical application in farm settings, ensuring animal welfare and compliance with industry standards. By mastering these fundamentals, learners prepare for entry-level roles in animal care and veterinary support services.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Feedstuffs for Small Animals

    This subtopic introduces learners to the fundamental principles of handling feedstuffs for small animals, including proper receipt, safe storage, and hygienic preparation. It covers the importance of maintaining nutritional quality through correct storage methods and the accurate measurement of feed to meet the dietary needs of different small animal species, ensuring their health and welfare.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    11 learning outcomes20 guidance points2 criteria

    Principles of Preparing and Maintaining Livestock Accommodation

    This element introduces learners to the fundamental principles of preparing and maintaining safe, hygienic, and species-appropriate livestock accommodation. It covers the selection of bedding materials, cleaning and disinfection routines, and the importance of biosecurity to promote animal welfare. Practical application includes daily husbandry tasks like mucking out, replenishing bedding, and ensuring accommodation meets legal and health standards.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    8 learning outcomes15 guidance points2 criteria

    Fish and the Aquatic Environment

    This element introduces learners to the fundamental properties of water and how they sustain aquatic life. It covers the lifecycles of common aquatic plants and animals, and the environmental needs of popular fish species, enabling learners to compare different aquatic habitats and make informed care decisions.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    10 learning outcomes16 guidance points2 criteria

    Principles Of Preparing For And Monitoring Livestock Outdoors

    This subtopic covers the essential groundwork for managing livestock in outdoor environments, including site preparation, safe introduction, and ongoing welfare monitoring. Learners will explore practical methods for ensuring animal health and safety while maintaining compliance with industry standards.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    7 learning outcomes15 guidance points2 criteria

    The Fish Farm

    This subtopic covers essential practical skills and theoretical knowledge for working on a fish farm, including fish husbandry techniques, nutrition, health monitoring, and legal responsibilities. Learners will develop the ability to maintain optimal fish welfare, recognise and mitigate common hazards such as diseases, predators, and pollution, and adhere to industry regulations. The content prepares learners for entry-level roles in aquaculture by focusing on hands-on competency and environmental stewardship.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    12 learning outcomes18 guidance points2 criteria

    Assist with the Movement and Handling of Animals

    This element introduces learners to the fundamental principles of safely assisting with the movement and handling of animals in a care setting. It covers the practical skills needed to support the transport and restraint of animals while prioritising welfare, minimising stress, and maintaining safety for both the handler and the animal. Learners will explore common handling techniques and equipment, and understand the importance of risk assessment and calm, confident practice.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    7 learning outcomes17 guidance points2 criteria

    Canine Hydrotherapy Theory for Veterinary Physiotherapists

    This subtopic provides the foundational theoretical knowledge required for safe and effective canine hydrotherapy practice by veterinary physiotherapists. It covers the historical context, scientific principles (including buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and thermodynamics), comparative modalities (pool vs. water treadmill), referral processes, documentation, contraindications, and recognition of pain and stress. Emphasis is placed on clinical reasoning to justify treatment planning, session management, and the physiotherapist's role within the multi-disciplinary team to optimise patient welfare.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Canine Welfare in a Professional Day Care and Boarding Setting

    This element equips learners to apply the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and associated licensing regulations within a professional canine day care and boarding context. It covers legal duties for record-keeping, dog identification, staffing ratios, competency requirements, and the provision of a suitable physical and social environment to safeguard canine welfare. Mastery ensures compliance and promotes best practice in commercial care settings.

    OCNLR Level 3 Award in Professional Canine Day Care and Boarding

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Dog Breeding: Welfare and Professional Standards

    This subtopic focuses on the legal and ethical requirements for dog breeding under the Animal Welfare (Licencing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations. It covers administration, record-keeping, staffing qualifications, and ensuring canine welfare through appropriate housing, nutrition, and hygiene. Learners will develop the knowledge to maintain professional standards that promote the health and well-being of breeding dogs and their offspring.

    OCNLR Level 3 Award in Dog Breeding: Welfare and Professional Standards

    6 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Canine Hydrotherapy Theory

    This subtopic provides a comprehensive foundation in the scientific principles, equipment types, and clinical protocols essential for canine hydrotherapy practice. It covers the physiological effects of water immersion, pool and treadmill mechanics, rigorous record-keeping, contraindication screening, and patient handling techniques, enabling students to develop evidence-based treatment plans and exercise clinical reasoning for safe and effective hydrotherapy interventions.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    12 learning outcomes20 guidance points2 criteria

    Action Planning to Improve Performance in Mathematics

    This subtopic focuses on developing learners' ability to critically evaluate their own mathematical competencies within animal care contexts, such as calculating medication dosages, measuring feed portions, and interpreting weight data. Through self-assessment and structured action planning, learners set realistic, measurable targets to enhance their numerical skills, ensuring safe and effective practice in vocational settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    1 learning outcomes5 guidance points

    Care and Welfare of Horses in Equine Assisted Services (EAS)

    This element focuses on the comprehensive care and management of horses utilised in Equine Assisted Services (EAS), ensuring their physical and psychological well-being to support safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Learners will explore routine husbandry, health monitoring, and welfare standards specific to the demands of EAS environments, emphasising the symbiotic relationship between horse welfare and service user outcomes. Continuous professional development in equine welfare is integral to maintaining high standards and adapting to emerging best practices.

    OCNLR Level 3 Diploma in Equine Assisted Services

    4 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) Techniques and Developmental Kinesiology

    This subtopic focuses on the integration of equine movement with developmental kinesiology to address gross motor deficits in therapy. Practitioners learn to select and adapt equine-assisted techniques that facilitate neuro-developmental progression, using the horse's multidimensional gait to stimulate postural control, coordination, and core stability. The material emphasizes client-centered modification, ensuring interventions are safe, effective, and tailored to a range of physical and cognitive abilities.

    OCNLR Level 5 Certificate for Equine Assisted Therapy Clinical Specialists

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Brain Health

    Explores the critical link between canine brain health and behaviour, emphasising the collaborative roles of behaviourists and veterinarians in assessment and intervention. Covers pharmacological treatments, their mechanisms, and non-pharmacological strategies to optimise brain function, while addressing the practicalities of medication acceptance and interprofessional communication.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Following Instructions

    This element focuses on understanding the critical importance of following instructions within an animal care setting to ensure safety, maintain animal welfare, and comply with legal and organisational standards. Learners will explore why precise adherence to verbal and written instructions is essential and will demonstrate their ability to apply this skill in practical scenarios, such as feeding, cleaning, or handling animals.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    4 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Internet Safety for IT users

    This subtopic equips learners with essential knowledge and practical skills to navigate the internet safely within animal care environments. It covers identifying online risks, safeguarding personal and others' digital wellbeing, and maintaining robust data security when handling sensitive information such as client and animal records.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Note Taking

    This element develops foundational note-taking skills essential for animal care professionals, enabling accurate recording of observations, client instructions, and treatment details. It emphasizes practical application of systematic methods to support effective communication, continuity of care, and legal compliance in vocational settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    4 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Organisational Skills

    This subtopic equips learners with the organisational competencies essential for animal care roles, focusing on task prioritisation, time management, and the structured completion of multi-step procedures to uphold animal welfare and professional standards.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    4 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Planning and Carrying Out Research

    This element introduces learners to the fundamental skills required to plan, execute, and evaluate a small-scale research project within an animal care context. It develops the ability to formulate simple research questions, select appropriate methods, and gather evidence systematically while adhering to ethical standards. The skills gained are directly applicable to evidence-based practice in animal care professions, such as investigating animal behaviour, welfare needs, or the effectiveness of care routines.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    4 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Canine Behaviour Principles

    This subtopic delves into the scientific principles underpinning canine behaviour, encompassing learning theory, neurobiology, sensory processing, and the influence of environmental contexts. Learners will critically evaluate how these factors interact to shape behaviour and apply this knowledge to the ethical selection and mechanical demonstration of behaviour modification strategies. The focus on evidence-based practice prepares learners for advanced clinical reasoning in canine behaviour consultations.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Care of Animals

    This element introduces fundamental aspects of animal care, focusing on daily health monitoring, provision of a suitable diet, and maintaining hygienic living conditions. Learners develop practical skills to ensure animal welfare, recognize signs of illness, and apply safe working practices in line with professional standards.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    11 learning outcomes18 guidance points2 criteria

    First Aid for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This subtopic covers the essential first aid principles and procedures required to manage emergencies during canine hydrotherapy sessions. A Level 4 learner must understand the legal responsibilities, practical application of life-saving techniques such as CPR and bandaging, and the systematic assessment of canine patients in distress. Mastery ensures safe practice, protecting both the animal and the professional in a clinical or aquatic environment.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    14 learning outcomes26 guidance points3 criteria

    Applied Neurological and Spinal Conditions for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element equips learners with a comprehensive understanding of neurological and spinal conditions impacting canine patients, with a focus on their pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and safe integration into hydrotherapy treatment plans. Learners explore degenerative, traumatic, vascular, and congenital pathologies across spinal regions, enabling them to adapt aquatic rehabilitation protocols to optimize outcomes while minimizing risk of further injury. Knowledge of these conditions is fundamental for hydrotherapists working alongside veterinary professionals to deliver targeted, evidence-based care.

    OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    7 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Canine Behaviour in a Hydrotherapy Setting

    This element explores the foundational principles of canine behavioural development, communication, and body language, and their critical application within hydrotherapy practice. Learners will examine how behaviour knowledge underpins safe handling, effective treatment, and positive welfare outcomes, while adhering to relevant legislation. Emphasis is placed on interpreting subtle signals to prevent stress and injury, ensuring a therapeutic environment tailored to individual dogs.

    OCNLR Level 4 Award in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    10 learning outcomes16 guidance points2 criteria

    Care and welfare of participants in Equine Assisted Services (EAS)

    This subtopic focuses on the holistic care and welfare of participants engaged in Equine Assisted Services (EAS), encompassing the understanding of the sector's scope, the enhancement of participant wellbeing through structured horsemanship activities, and the critical roles and responsibilities of the facilitator. It equips learners with the knowledge and skills to maintain participant safety, implement ethical practices, and foster a supportive environment that promotes physical, emotional, and psychological health within EAS settings.

    OCNLR Level 3 Diploma in Equine Assisted Services

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) Techniques for Sensory Integration, Motor Learning, and Skill Development

    This subtopic explores the integration of sensory and motor principles within equine assisted therapy to address functional impairments. Learners will critically examine how the horse's movement provides graded sensory input to facilitate neuroplasticity, postural control, and coordinated skill acquisition. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based techniques for designing, implementing, and evaluating therapeutic interventions that target sensory processing, motor planning, and task-specific skill development in diverse client populations.

    OCNLR Level 5 Certificate for Equine Assisted Therapy Clinical Specialists

    5 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Presentation Skills

    This subtopic develops learners' ability to plan, structure, and deliver effective presentations within an animal care context. It covers understanding different presentation styles, preparing appropriate content, using visual aids, and delivering confidently to an audience. Practical application includes communicating animal welfare information, sharing research findings, or pitching ideas in professional settings such as veterinary practices, rescue centres, or zoos.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    7 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Problem Solving Skills

    This subtopic develops learners' ability to systematically address challenges encountered in animal care environments, from recognising issues to implementing evidence-based solutions. It emphasises critical thinking and the use of practical evidence, such as animal behaviour logs or health records, to inform decision-making. Learners will explore common factors that affect problem-solving, including stress, resources, and ethical considerations, ensuring they are prepared to handle routine and unexpected situations in professional settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Punctuation and Grammar

    This subtopic develops foundational literacy skills essential for clear and professional written communication in animal care settings. Learners will apply punctuation and grammar rules to produce accurate records, care notes, and client communications, reducing the risk of misinterpretation that could compromise animal welfare. Mastery of these skills supports effective teamwork and compliance with workplace documentation standards.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Reading

    This element develops essential reading skills crucial for working in animal care, where practitioners must interpret a range of documents from care plans to product labels. Learners will explore how text types and purposes vary, and how to efficiently extract key information using organisational features. These skills underpin safe and effective practice in real-world animal care settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Resilience Skills

    This subtopic explores the concept of resilience as a critical personal attribute for professionals in animal care, where emotional challenges and stressful situations are common. It examines why resilience matters for maintaining well-being and delivering high-quality care, and introduces practical strategies to build and apply resilience in daily work with animals and people.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Revision and Exam Skills

    This subtopic equips learners with essential revision and exam skills tailored for animal care qualifications. It covers strategic study planning, effective revision techniques, and personal well-being management during assessment periods. Learners will develop competence in approaching academic examinations with confidence and resilience, directly applying these skills to animal care and veterinary contexts.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Speaking and Listening Skills

    This element focuses on developing effective verbal communication and active listening skills essential for professionals in animal care settings. Learners practice techniques to convey information clearly to colleagues and clients, accurately obtain and relay details about animal health and behaviour, and participate constructively in team discussions to ensure optimal animal welfare.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    4 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Providing Sessions in Equine Assisted Services (EAS)

    This topic covers preparing, facilitating, and reflecting on Equine Assisted Services sessions. Learners must demonstrate practical skills in session planning, safe horse handling, and client interaction.

    OCNLR Level 3 Diploma in Equine Assisted Services

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Neurological Conditions for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element explores the application of hydrotherapy for dogs with neurological conditions, emphasizing the need to understand specific pathologies, their progression, and functional implications. Learners will develop skills to assess patient suitability, interpret veterinary referrals, select appropriate hydrotherapy modalities, and apply safe handling techniques while considering analgesia requirements to optimise therapeutic outcomes.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International), OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy

    12 learning outcomes17 guidance points2 criteria

    Canine Behaviour Problems

    This element focuses on the comprehensive understanding and management of canine behaviour problems, integrating theoretical aetiology with practical behaviour modification. Learners will explore risk and protective factors, design tailored intervention plans, and critically evaluate their application and outcomes. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based strategies, ethical considerations, and client collaboration to ensure sustainable behavioural change in individual dogs.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Observed Practice for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element assesses the practitioner's ability to perform canine hydrotherapy in a real-world setting, integrating clinical reasoning with practical skills. It requires the candidate to evaluate patient suitability, execute safe and effective treatment, manage post-session care, and document the process accurately. Mastery of this observed practice ensures that practitioners can deliver high-quality, evidence-based hydrotherapy that prioritises canine welfare and therapeutic outcomes.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy

    6 learning outcomes14 guidance points2 criteria

    Gait Analysis for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element focuses on the systematic observation and analysis of canine movement to identify normal and abnormal gait patterns, particularly relevant to hydrotherapy assessment and rehabilitation. Learners will develop proficiency in anatomical terminology, static and dynamic postural evaluation, and lameness detection, enabling them to tailor hydrotherapy interventions to the individual dog’s musculoskeletal condition. Mastery of gait analysis underpins safe and effective treatment planning in the aquatic environment, where buoyancy and resistance alter movement dynamics.

    OCNLR Level 4 Award in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    13 learning outcomes17 guidance points2 criteria

    Collaborative Working Using Digital Technology

    This element develops learners' ability to select, set up, and effectively use digital collaborative tools relevant to animal care workplaces, such as veterinary practices or animal shelters. Emphasis is placed on safe and secure usage, including data protection and cyber hygiene, while contributing to group tasks like appointment scheduling, record sharing, and team communication.

    OCNLR Level 1 Award in Skills for Professions in Animal Care, OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes15 guidance points2 criteria

    Applied Neurology and Biomechanics for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element explores the intricate relationship between canine neurology and biomechanics, equipping hydrotherapists to understand how nervous system function and musculoskeletal structure influence movement and rehabilitation. Mastery of these concepts is essential for designing safe, effective hydrotherapy protocols that address neurological conditions, injury recovery, and performance optimization.

    OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    7 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Foundations of Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) – Movement, Environment, and Horsemanship Skills

    This element establishes the foundational knowledge required for equine assisted therapy practice, focusing on the integration of equine movement, environmental factors, and horsemanship skills to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Learners will explore how these components are applied across physical, occupational, speech, and psychomotor therapies, and will develop critical assessment skills for determining client suitability and ensuring safe, effective interventions.

    OCNLR Level 5 Certificate for Equine Assisted Therapy Clinical Specialists

    5 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Spelling

    This subtopic focuses on developing accurate spelling skills specific to the animal care industry, including common veterinary terminology, breed names, and anatomical terms. It aims to equip learners with the ability to self-assess spelling errors and implement personal improvement strategies, ensuring professional written communication in veterinary practices, animal shelters, and related settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Spreadsheets

    This element develops practical spreadsheet skills essential for animal care environments, enabling learners to record, calculate, and present data such as animal health records, feeding schedules, and supply inventories. Mastery of these skills supports accurate information management and professional communication in veterinary and animal welfare settings.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    7 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Teamwork Skills

    This subtopic equips learners with the collaborative skills essential for effective teamwork within animal care environments, such as veterinary practices, animal shelters, and kennels. It focuses on understanding team dynamics, clarifying individual roles, setting shared objectives, and reflecting on team performance to enhance animal welfare and operational outcomes.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Time Management Skills

    This subtopic focuses on the essential skill of managing time effectively within animal care environments, where routines are critical for animal welfare and operational efficiency. Learners will explore practical strategies to prioritise tasks, plan daily activities, and adapt to unexpected demands such as emergencies or behavioural issues. The aim is to develop a professional approach to time management that directly contributes to high standards of animal care and personal well-being.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Undertaking an Enterprise Project

    This subtopic introduces learners to the fundamentals of planning and executing a small-scale enterprise project within the animal care sector. It covers selecting a commercially viable idea tailored to a specific target market, understanding financial costs, applying marketing techniques, and developing a structured plan with ongoing monitoring and review. Practical application includes designing a pet-related service or product, such as a dog walking business or homemade pet treats venture, to build employability skills.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    4 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Word Processing

    This subtopic develops essential word processing skills tailored to animal care professions, enabling learners to create, edit, and format professional documents such as animal health records, client communications, and care plans. Through practical application of software tools, learners will produce structured, well-presented documents that meet industry standards for accuracy and clarity.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes12 guidance points

    Writing

    This element develops essential written communication skills for animal care contexts, including structuring reports, care notes, and client communications. Learners practise logical ordering, concise paragraphing, planning, drafting, and proofreading to produce clear, professional documents suitable for vocational settings such as animal shelters, veterinary practices, or grooming salons.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Ethology and Evolution

    This element explores the evolutionary journey of canines, from wild ancestors to domestic dogs, examining genetic, physiological, and behavioural adaptations shaped by domestication. It critically evaluates common public assumptions and breed-specific perceptions, linking to contemporary canine welfare legislation. This knowledge equips practitioners to address behaviour issues with an evidence-based, ethologically informed perspective.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    5 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Observed Practice for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element assesses the candidate's ability to safely and competently perform canine hydrotherapy in a practical, observed setting. It requires integration of patient assessment, treatment delivery, post-session management, clinical reasoning, and accurate documentation, ensuring industry standards and animal welfare are maintained throughout the session. Mastery of these skills demonstrates readiness for independent professional practice.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    7 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Practical Implementation and Client Evaluation in Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT)

    This subtopic equips clinical specialists with advanced competencies in structuring, facilitating, and evaluating equine-assisted therapy sessions. It emphasizes client-centered assessment, progress monitoring, and the integration of interdisciplinary insights to optimise therapeutic outcomes. Practical skills in session design and collaborative working are central to effective implementation.

    OCNLR Level 5 Certificate for Equine Assisted Therapy Clinical Specialists

    5 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Orthopaedic Referrals for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This subtopic focuses on the recognition and management of common canine orthopaedic conditions—such as hip dysplasia, cruciate ligament injuries, and osteoarthritis—within the context of hydrotherapy. It emphasises the critical evaluation of veterinary referrals, including surgical reports and imaging, to formulate safe, evidence-based rehabilitation plans. Practical application involves selecting appropriate hydrotherapy modalities, adapting handling techniques to protect compromised joints, and accounting for the effects of prescribed medications on treatment outcomes.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Awareness of Mental Health and Wellbeing

    This element explores the fundamental concepts of mental health and wellbeing, specifically contextualised for those pursuing animal care professions. Learners will examine how mental health affects diverse groups, including colleagues and clients, and will develop strategies to access support services and cultivate personal resilience. The focus is on practical application within animal care settings, promoting a compassionate and effective approach to both self-care and peer support.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Working with Horses in Equine Assisted Services (EAS)

    This element focuses on developing the knowledge and skills necessary to facilitate safe and effective horse-human interactions within Equine Assisted Services (EAS). It explores equine communication, behavioural cues, and handling techniques, enabling practitioners to establish trust and build a therapeutic alliance between horses and participants. Practical competence in approaching, catching, grooming, and leading horses is integrated with an understanding of ethical considerations and risk management to ensure positive outcomes for both humans and horses.

    OCNLR Level 3 Diploma in Equine Assisted Services

    5 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Applied Orthopaedics for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element focuses on the key orthopaedic conditions commonly encountered in canine patients referred for hydrotherapy, including arthritis, osteochondrosis, fractures, and neoplasia affecting the elbow, hip, stifle, and lower limbs. Learners will explore the underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and surgical/medical management of these conditions to inform safe and effective hydrotherapy treatment planning. The knowledge gained is directly applied to designing aquatic rehabilitation protocols that consider weight-bearing status, healing stages, and pain management goals.

    OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    8 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Orthopaedic Conditions for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This element covers the common orthopaedic conditions encountered in dogs referred for hydrotherapy, including hip dysplasia, cruciate ligament injuries, and intervertebral disc disease. It equips learners with the ability to assess a canine patient's suitability for hydrotherapy by interpreting veterinary referrals and recognising contraindications. Emphasis is placed on correct handling techniques, selection of appropriate hydrotherapy modalities (e.g., pool vs. underwater treadmill), and the role of analgesia in facilitating effective treatment.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    12 learning outcomes21 guidance points2 criteria

    Spinal and Neurological Referrals for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This subtopic focuses on the safe and effective integration of hydrotherapy for dogs with spinal and neurological conditions, requiring in-depth knowledge of pathophysiology, contraindications, and evidence-based practice. It enables veterinary physiotherapists to critically assess referral information, select appropriate hydrotherapy modalities, and apply specialised handling to optimise rehabilitation outcomes while minimising risk.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Lifestages, Breed and Behaviour

    This element explores how canine behaviour is shaped by developmental life stages—puppyhood, adolescence, and senior years—and breed-specific traits, integrating neurobiological and environmental factors. Learners will critically evaluate risk and protective factors for behaviour problems, and apply frameworks to analyse cases and design behaviour modification plans tailored to life stage and breed, communicating effectively with owners.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    7 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Building Confidence and Self Esteem

    This element explores the vital role of confidence and self-esteem in personal and professional development within animal care settings. Learners examine how these attributes shape interactions with animals, colleagues, and clients, and how setbacks can be managed. Practical strategies for building resilience and a positive self-image are emphasised, directly enhancing employability and animal welfare outcomes.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Personal and Professional Development for Canine Hydrotherapists

    This element focuses on developing essential self-reflective and career-planning skills for canine hydrotherapists. It enables practitioners to critically evaluate their capabilities, set meaningful professional objectives, and navigate the evolving landscape of canine rehabilitation. This foundation supports continuous improvement and lifelong learning within the vocation.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    10 learning outcomes18 guidance points2 criteria

    Water Management for Hydrotherapy Pools and Water Treadmills

    This element addresses the comprehensive management of water quality in canine hydrotherapy environments, ensuring animal and handler safety through strict adherence to legal frameworks, equipment operation, and chemical application. Mastery requires integrating theoretical principles of disinfection and circulation with hands-on maintenance of pools and water treadmills, underpinned by meticulous record-keeping to meet regulatory standards and best practice.

    OCNLR Level 4 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy for Veterinary Physiotherapists, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    14 learning outcomes28 guidance points3 criteria

    The Canine Body and Behaviour

    This element examines the intricate relationship between canine physiology and behaviour, exploring how the proper functioning of body systems—musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine, integumentary, digestive, etc.—underpins normal behaviour and how dysfunction can manifest as behavioural problems. Learners will develop critical skills in recognising signs of pain, stress, hormonal imbalance, and other health issues that require veterinary referral, ultimately enabling them to formulate holistic behaviour modification plans that account for the dog's physical state. The focus is on integrating applied anatomy and physiology with clinical behaviour practice to improve welfare and outcomes.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    7 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    The Consultation Process

    This element focuses on the systematic approach to conducting behavioural consultations for canines, integrating theoretical knowledge with practical client interaction skills. It emphasises gathering and analysing a comprehensive case history, structuring the consultation to meet both canine welfare and client expectations, and navigating ethical, welfare, and safeguarding concerns. Mastery of this process is essential for effective assessment, intervention planning, and knowing when to refer to other professionals.

    OCNLR Level 6 Diploma in Clinical Canine Behaviour: Theory, Practice and Application

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Working Professionally and Ethically as a Canine Hydrotherapist

    This subtopic equips learners with the ethical and professional framework required to work as a canine hydrotherapist. It covers the legal duties of care, safety regulations, and the collaborative role within a rehabilitation team. Learners also explore sensitive client support, including bereavement, and the professional standards expected in the industry.

    OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy, OCNLR Level 3 Certificate in Canine Hydrotherapy (International)

    12 learning outcomes13 guidance points2 criteria

    Creating and Publishing Web Pages

    This element focuses on equipping learners with the foundational skills to plan, create, and publish simple web pages relevant to animal care contexts, such as promoting a pet care business, sharing animal welfare information, or creating an online portfolio. Learners will explore the use of common website software tools to structure content, apply formatting, and publish pages to make them accessible online.

    OCNLR Level 1 Certificate in Skills for Professions in Animal Care

    6 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Massage for Canine Hydrotherapy

    This subtopic equips canine hydrotherapists with the knowledge and practical skills to safely and effectively integrate massage into hydrotherapy sessions. It covers professional boundaries, contraindications, soft tissue healing, and the synergistic benefits of combining these modalities. Learners will develop competence in applying land-based and in-water massage techniques and in designing combined treatment plans tailored to individual canine patients.

    OCNLR Level 4 Diploma in Canine Hydrotherapy

    11 learning outcomes10 guidance points

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