Transport Systems in Buildings — Pearson Alternative Academic Qualification Construction & Building Services Revision

    This element explores the integration of vertical and horizontal transport systems within buildings, focusing on functional requirements for efficient circ

    Topic Synopsis

    This element explores the integration of vertical and horizontal transport systems within buildings, focusing on functional requirements for efficient circulation. Learners evaluate traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators, and moving walkways, ensuring compliance with safety standards and user needs. Practical application involves developing comprehensive design and installation strategies that align with architectural plans, building regulations, and sustainability goals.

    Key Concepts & Core Principles

    Exam Tips & Revision Strategies

    Common Misconceptions & Mistakes to Avoid

    Examiner Marking Points

    Transport Systems in Buildings

    PEARSON
    vocational

    This subtopic addresses the critical integration of vertical and horizontal circulation systems within building designs, emphasising their impact on user flow, safety, and spatial efficiency. It focuses on equipping quantity surveyors with the skills to evaluate functional requirements, select appropriate equipment, and formulate comprehensive design and installation strategies that balance performance, cost, and compliance. Practical application involves producing tender documentation, managing subcontractors, and ensuring that transport system installations align with overall project programmes and value engineering objectives.

    20
    Learning Outcomes
    39
    Assessment Guidance
    43
    Key Skills
    20
    Key Terms
    47
    Assessment Criteria

    Assessment criteria

    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Quantity Surveying for England
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering for England
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Architectural Technology for England
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Modern Methods of Construction for England
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Building Services Engineering for England
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Construction Management for England
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Quantity Surveying
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Construction Management
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Modern Methods of Construction
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Architectural Technology

    Topic Overview

    Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) represent a paradigm shift in the construction industry, moving away from traditional brick-and-block techniques towards off-site manufacturing, precision engineering, and digital integration. For students on the Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND in Modern Methods of Construction for England, this topic explores how MMC can address the UK's housing crisis, improve productivity, and enhance sustainability. You will examine key MMC categories such as volumetric modular construction, panelised systems, and hybrid approaches, alongside enabling technologies like Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA). Understanding MMC is crucial for meeting the government's targets for faster, greener, and safer building delivery.

    This unit equips you with the knowledge to critically evaluate MMC against traditional methods, considering factors like cost, programme duration, quality control, and environmental impact. You will learn how MMC aligns with the Construction 2025 strategy and the UK's net-zero carbon goals. By studying real-world case studies—such as student accommodation built using volumetric pods or hospitals delivered via panelised systems—you will appreciate how MMC can reduce waste by up to 90% and cut construction time by 50%. The curriculum also covers logistical challenges, supply chain management, and the importance of early stakeholder engagement to ensure successful MMC adoption.

    Mastering MMC is not just about technical knowledge; it requires a holistic understanding of how design, manufacturing, and assembly processes integrate. You will explore the role of digital twins, automated fabrication, and robotics in modern construction. This topic also addresses regulatory frameworks, including building regulations and fire safety standards, particularly in light of the Grenfell Tower inquiry. By the end of this unit, you will be able to propose MMC solutions for given scenarios, justify your choices with evidence, and communicate effectively with multidisciplinary teams—skills highly valued by employers in the evolving construction sector.

    Key Concepts

    Core ideas you must understand for this topic

    • →Off-site manufacturing (OSM) and its categories: volumetric modular, panelised, pod, and hybrid systems, each with distinct structural and logistical characteristics.
    • →Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA): a design approach that optimises components for efficient factory production and on-site assembly, reducing waste and labour.
    • →Building Information Modelling (BIM) Level 2: a digital process for creating and managing project information, enabling clash detection, sequencing, and lifecycle management for MMC projects.
    • →Lean construction principles applied to MMC: minimising waste, improving workflow, and using just-in-time delivery to enhance productivity on site.
    • →Sustainability metrics: embodied carbon, operational energy, and circular economy principles—MMC can reduce material waste and enable easier deconstruction and reuse.

    Learning Objectives

    What you need to know and understand

    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • Evaluate the functional requirements for building circulation, including pedestrian flow, accessibility, and emergency egress.
    • Apply traffic planning techniques to determine lift and escalator capacities for a specified building type.
    • Assess the selection criteria for lifts, escalators, and moving walkways based on building usage, occupancy, and architectural design.
    • Develop a detailed design strategy for escalators and moving walkways, considering structural integration and user experience.
    • Formulate an installation strategy for lift systems, including coordination with building services and construction sequencing.
    • Present a coherent design proposal for lifts, addressing safety, energy efficiency, and maintenance access.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • Evaluate peak traffic demand scenarios for different building typologies using accepted calculation methods.
    • Apply BS EN 81 and other relevant standards to lift and escalator selection and layout.
    • Design an integrated circulation plan that optimises passenger flow and energy efficiency.
    • Assess the life-cycle cost implications of proposed transport system technologies.
    • Critically analyse fire safety requirements affecting the location and operation of lifts and escalators.
    • Formulate an installation programme that minimises disruption and accounts for structural interfaces.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.

    Assessment Criteria

    Key criteria assessors look for in your portfolio

    • Award credit for demonstrating a systematic analysis of building occupancy, peak usage patterns, and pedestrian flow to justify circulation design decisions.
    • Award credit for clearly outlining equipment selection criteria, including handling capacity, speed, energy efficiency, and compliance with relevant British and European standards (e.g., BS EN 81-20, BS 9999).
    • Award credit for presenting a detailed installation strategy that logically sequences works, identifies critical interfaces with other building elements (e.g., structural openings, M&E services), and mitigates risk.
    • Award credit for incorporating life-cycle costing and maintenance considerations into equipment choice and design proposals.
    • Award credit for accurately estimating installation costs, programme durations, and resource requirements relevant to the scale of the project.
    • Award credit for comprehensive analysis of building occupancy, user demographics, and peak traffic patterns to define circulation requirements.
    • Look for justified equipment selection using quantitative traffic analysis (e.g., handling capacity, interval, waiting times) aligned with industry standards like BS EN 81 and BS 5655.
    • Assess the integration of structural supports, electrical supply, fire safety provisions, and compliance with the Equality Act 2010 for accessible design.
    • Evaluate the clarity and feasibility of installation strategies, including phased delivery, builders' work details, and coordination with other services.
    • Award credit for clear identification of user groups and their circulation needs (e.g., disabled access, peak traffic flows).
    • Expect demonstration of traffic analysis methods, such as handling capacity calculations for lifts in mixed-use buildings.
    • Assess accurate selection of lift types (e.g., hydraulic vs. traction) justified by building height and usage.
    • Look for integration of escalators with architectural features, including structural support and fire safety provisions.
    • Credit for detailed installation phasing plans that minimize disruption and comply with health and safety regulations.
    • Merit for critical evaluation of energy performance and sustainability of transport systems.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a clear link between predicted building occupancy levels and the selection of lift capacity, speed, and number of units.
    • Look for evidence that traffic analysis (including peak interval handling capacity) has informed the layout and configuration of escalators and moving walkways.
    • Expect installation strategies to address coordination with structural elements, power supply, and fire safety systems, with reference to relevant British Standards (e.g., BS 5655, BS EN 81).
    • Assess whether the design considers accessibility requirements (e.g., Equality Act 2010) by including features such as tactile indicators, audio announcements, and adequate door widths.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a systematic analysis of pedestrian traffic patterns, including peak demand quantification and passenger handling capacity calculations.
    • Credit responses that justify equipment selection (e.g., lift type, speed, escalator width) using objective criteria such as building occupancy, usage profile, and relevant standards like BS EN 81-20/50.
    • Mark positively for integrating accessibility requirements (e.g., Part M of the Building Regulations, BS 8300) into the circulation strategy, including provision for disabled users.
    • Acknowledge the development of a coherent installation strategy that addresses structural interfaces, builder’s work requirements, safety clearances, and coordination with other building services.
    • Reward presentation of design solutions that include clear annotated drawings, traffic study data, and compliance checks against CIBSE Guide D or equivalent industry guidance.
    • Award credit for demonstrating accurate peak handling capacity calculations supported by building occupancy data.
    • Look for evidence of compliance with the Equality Act 2010 and Part M of the Building Regulations in circulation design.
    • Check that equipment selection is justified through comparison of technical specifications (speed, capacity, dimensions).
    • Assess the feasibility and sequencing of installation in relation to the overall construction programme.
    • Credit for discussing maintenance access, shaft dimensions, and structural loadings.
    • Expect clear differentiation between design strategies for lifts versus escalators/moving walkways.
    • Award credit for clearly linking circulation requirements to building usage, occupancy, and accessibility needs.
    • Award credit for demonstrating accurate traffic analysis using appropriate methodologies and justifying equipment selection based on calculated handling capacity.
    • Award credit for providing a detailed installation strategy that includes structural integration, safety compliance, and coordination with other building services.
    • Award credit for evidencing understanding of relevant standards (e.g., BS 8300, EN 81) and their application in the design.
    • Award credit for clearly identifying and discussing key functional requirements such as accessibility, capacity, safety, and energy efficiency in the context of a specific building design.
    • Award credit for accurately applying traffic analysis methods (e.g., interval, handling capacity, passenger demand) to justify equipment specification for lifts, escalators, and moving walkways.
    • Award credit for producing a comprehensive design and installation strategy that integrates structural, electrical, and fire safety considerations for escalators and moving walkways.
    • Award credit for presenting a coherent design and installation strategy for lifts that includes shaft dimensions, machine room layout, control systems, and compliance with relevant codes (e.g., BS EN 81).
    • Award credit for evaluating the impact of transport system selection on overall building circulation, user experience, and life-cycle costing.
    • Award credit for accurately identifying and justifying key functional requirements such as peak traffic flows, accessibility provisions, and evacuation strategy based on building type and occupancy.
    • Award credit for applying appropriate traffic analysis methods (e.g., uppeak interval calculations) and selecting equipment based on criteria like capacity, speed, and energy efficiency.
    • Award credit for producing a coherent installation strategy for escalators/moving walkways that includes structural integration, sequencing with other trades, and compliance with building regulations.
    • Award credit for demonstrating consideration of lift machine room location, shaft dimensions, safety features, and modernization methods in the design strategy.
    • Discusses functional requirements for circulation in a building design.
    • Determines traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators, and moving walkways.
    • Develops a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways.
    • Presents a design and installation strategy for lifts.

    Assessment Guidance

    Guidance for achieving higher grades

    • 💡When developing design strategies, always cross-reference the building’s intended use class and design occupancy to justify your chosen traffic performance targets.
    • 💡Link installation proposals to a clearly defined contract strategy (e.g., design and build versus traditional procurement) and specify how this affects the QS’s role in cost control and variation management.
    • 💡Use comparative tables to present equipment alternatives, highlighting key metrics such as car size, door configuration, motor type, and whole-life cost to demonstrate commercial reasoning.
    • 💡In your response, address both the technical specification and the logistical planning—including cranage, hoisting, and temporary protection—to show a full appreciation of on-site installation challenges.
    • 💡Always link design decisions to the specific building type, occupancy load, and expected traffic patterns from the assignment brief.
    • 💡Use standard traffic analysis formulas and clearly show calculations; reference CIBSE Guide D for authoritative methodologies.
    • 💡Produce annotated sketches or layout drawings to illustrate equipment positioning, clearances, and integration points within the building structure.
    • 💡Justify installation sequencing and access provisions, demonstrating awareness of construction programme constraints and health and safety responsibilities.
    • 💡Always relate circulation design to building function and user profiles to demonstrate contextual understanding.
    • 💡Use traffic analysis calculations clearly and annotate assumptions to allow partial credit.
    • 💡Support lift and escalator selection with a comparative matrix of criteria to justify decisions.
    • 💡In design strategies, explicitly address health and safety, maintenance, and future adaptability.
    • 💡Structure your presentation logically, with separate sections for design rationale, technical specifications, and installation methodology.
    • 💡When presenting a lift strategy, always justify your choices with the calculated passenger demand and round-trip time analysis.
    • 💡In design proposals, explicitly state how your vertical transport layout reduces waiting times and improves passenger flow during evacuation scenarios.
    • 💡For installation strategies, use annotated drawings to show clearances, machine room locations, and interface with structural beams – this demonstrates practical integration.
    • 💡Check your terminology: use ‘escalator’ for moving stairs, ‘moving walkway’ for horizontal/inclined belt conveyors, and refer to ‘MRL’ (machine room-less) lifts where applicable.
    • 💡Begin every design response with a thorough traffic survey and prediction methodology, justifying assumptions with industry data from CIBSE Guide D.
    • 💡Always reference applicable standards and codes of practice (e.g., BS EN 81 series, BS 8486 for lifts, BS EN 115 for escalators) to demonstrate regulatory compliance.
    • 💡Support equipment selection with clear calculations for handling capacity, interval, and round-trip time, showing how they meet the building’s required performance level.
    • 💡Include schematic layouts and section drawings to illustrate spatial arrangements, clearances, and integration with structural elements.
    • 💡Discuss whole-life performance, including energy consumption, maintainability, and future-proofing for potential changes in building use, to show deeper understanding.
    • 💡Always cross-reference traffic analysis with BSRIA guidelines and real-world benchmark data from completed projects.
    • 💡Present strategies using annotated sketches, CAD layouts, and technical schedules to demonstrate practical competence.
    • 💡When drafting installation strategies, explicitly address logistics, craneage, and coordination with other MEP trades.
    • 💡Relate design decisions back to statutory documents, including the Building Regulations and the Fire Safety Order.
    • 💡Always reference specific industry standards (e.g., BS 8300-2, EN 81-20/50) when justifying design decisions.
    • 💡Use clear diagrams and flowcharts to present circulation routes and traffic plans; this can enhance your response.
    • 💡When developing installation strategies, include a phased approach considering site logistics, safety, and testing procedures.
    • 💡Critically evaluate alternative transport solutions, such as comparing escalators and moving walkways for the same scenario, to demonstrate deeper understanding.
    • 💡Ensure your response directly addresses the specified building design scenario; generic answers will be penalised—always relate functional requirements and equipment choices to the case study details.
    • 💡Use clear diagrams and flow charts to illustrate traffic planning and equipment selection rationale; this demonstrates applied understanding and can gain additional marks.
    • 💡In installation strategies, explicitly reference relevant standards (e.g., BS 9999, BS EN 81 series) to show professional competence and compliance awareness.
    • 💡Structure your design proposals logically, covering design, procurement, installation sequence, and testing/commissioning phases to meet the ‘develop’ and ‘present’ command verbs.
    • 💡Always reference the latest British/European standards (e.g., BS EN 81 series) when presenting lift design strategies to demonstrate regulatory awareness.
    • 💡Use annotated sketches and flow diagrams to support circulation analysis and demonstrate holistic understanding of passenger movement.
    • 💡Practice calculating lift traffic performance using sample building data to improve accuracy and speed for time-constrained assessments.
    • 💡Refer to British Standards for lifts and escalators.
    • 💡Use case studies to illustrate your strategies.
    • 💡When evaluating MMC, always compare specific metrics (e.g., programme duration, waste percentage, cost per m²) with traditional methods. Use data from published case studies or industry reports to support your arguments.
    • 💡In exam questions about sustainability, explicitly link MMC to the UK's net-zero target and the Construction 2025 strategy. Mention how MMC reduces embodied carbon through efficient material use and off-site fabrication.
    • 💡For higher marks, discuss the importance of early supply chain involvement and integrated project delivery. Show how collaboration between designers, manufacturers, and contractors is critical to MMC success.

    Common Mistakes

    Common errors to avoid in your coursework

    • Confusing lift traffic analysis methods (e.g., interval-based versus simulation) or applying incorrect parameters for building type, leading to undersized lift systems.
    • Overlooking fire safety integration, such as the need for firefighters’ lifts, evacuation strategies, and compartmentation requirements around lift shafts and escalator wells.
    • Neglecting accessibility legislation (e.g., Part M, Equality Act) when specifying dimensions, control interfaces, and audible/visual signals.
    • Failing to account for temporary works, loading routes, and structural weight restrictions during the installation phase of heavy vertical transport equipment.
    • Selecting escalators or moving walkways based solely on capital cost without evaluating long-term energy consumption, maintenance liabilities, and passenger comfort ratings.
    • Failing to account for peak demand scenarios, leading to undersized lift banks or escalator widths.
    • Overlooking the impact of building usage patterns (e.g., mixed-use, office, residential) on traffic flow and equipment duty ratings.
    • Neglecting accessibility requirements such as tactile indicators, audible signals, and wheelchair manoeuvring space.
    • Presenting design strategies without adequate reference to structural loadings, motor room ventilation, or builders' work recesses.
    • Overlooking accessibility requirements for disabled and mobility-impaired individuals.
    • Confusing handling capacity with rated load, leading to inadequate lift sizing.
    • Neglecting the impact of building shape and core layout on circulation efficiency.
    • Failing to consider structural loadings and space requirements for escalator trusses and machine rooms.
    • Omitting reference to relevant standards (e.g., BS EN 81, BS 8300) in design strategies.
    • Confusing the handling capacity of a lift (passengers per 5 minutes) with its rated load, leading to undersized equipment.
    • Overlooking the impact of building height on lift zoning and the need for express versus local lifts in high-rise designs.
    • Neglecting the structural implications of escalator installation, such as the need for truss support and pit requirements.
    • Assuming that moving walkways have identical gradient limitations and safety codes as escalators, without checking BS EN 115.
    • Failing to integrate lift shaft ventilation and smoke control measures as per Approved Document B of the Building Regulations.
    • Misjudging traffic demands by failing to distinguish between up-peak, down-peak, and interfloor traffic patterns, leading to undersized or oversized systems.
    • Overlooking the implications of the Equality Act and Approved Document M, resulting in designs that do not meet legal accessibility standards.
    • Confusing lift terminology (e.g., rated load vs. available car area, contract speed vs. actual speed) which can cause errors in specification.
    • Neglecting structural and building fabric considerations, such as pit depth, headroom, and shaft ventilation, causing installation feasibility issues.
    • Ignoring energy efficiency and life-cycle costing, focusing solely on capital expenditure without considering operational and maintenance costs.
    • Underestimating the impact of door dwell and reopening times on lift round-trip calculations.
    • Ignoring the requirement for separate firefighting and evacuation lifts in tall buildings.
    • Confusing theoretical traffic models with actual occupancy behaviour, leading to under-provision.
    • Neglecting to consider the building’s sustainability targets when selecting energy-intensive systems.
    • Neglecting to account for peak traffic periods and diversity factors in circulation calculations.
    • Confusing the selection criteria for hydraulic versus traction lifts without considering building height and speed requirements.
    • Overlooking the spatial and structural implications of escalator/moving walkway installation, such as pit depths and support beams.
    • Failing to integrate transport systems with fire safety and evacuation strategies.
    • Confusing design criteria for different building types (e.g., applying office traffic assumptions to a hospital or retail setting), leading to undersized or inappropriate systems.
    • Neglecting to consider future flexibility and modernization potential when selecting lift systems, resulting in prematurely obsolete installations.
    • Overlooking the coordination requirements between transport systems and other building services, such as structural openings, electrical supplies, and fire compartmentation.
    • Failing to account for peak period demand in traffic calculations, which can cause inadequate handling capacity and user dissatisfaction.
    • Misinterpreting regulatory requirements for accessibility, particularly regarding platform lifts versus passenger lifts in multi-storey designs.
    • Overlooking the need for firefighter lifts or evacuation lifts in high-rise designs, leading to non-compliance with fire safety regulations.
    • Confusing handling capacity with rated load, resulting in miscalculation of required lift car numbers and sizes.
    • Neglecting the impact of machine-room-less (MRL) lifts on shaft structure and maintenance access, causing installation conflicts.
    • Ignoring building regulations and accessibility standards.
    • Underestimating traffic flow requirements.
    • Not considering maintenance access in design.
    • Misconception: MMC is only suitable for low-rise residential buildings. Correction: MMC is used successfully for high-rise structures (e.g., 30-storey modular hotels), hospitals, schools, and even bridges, with appropriate engineering design.
    • Misconception: MMC always costs more than traditional construction. Correction: While initial design and factory setup costs can be higher, MMC often reduces overall project cost through faster programme, fewer defects, and lower financing costs. Whole-life cost analysis often favours MMC.
    • Misconception: MMC compromises architectural quality. Correction: MMC can achieve high-quality finishes and complex geometries through advanced manufacturing techniques like CNC routing and 3D printing. Many award-winning buildings use MMC.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Common questions students ask about this topic

    Before You Start

    Prior knowledge that will help with this topic

    • •Understanding of traditional construction methods (e.g., masonry, in-situ concrete) to enable meaningful comparison with MMC.
    • •Basic knowledge of building regulations and sustainability principles, including BREEAM or Code for Sustainable Homes.
    • •Familiarity with construction project management concepts such as programme planning, risk assessment, and quality control.

    Key Terminology

    Essential terms to know

    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • Circulation principles and accessibility
    • Traffic analysis and capacity planning
    • Lift system selection and design
    • Escalator and moving walkway integration
    • Installation and commissioning requirements
    • Regulatory and safety compliance
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • Circulation functional requirements
    • Traffic simulation and capacity analysis
    • Equipment selection criteria
    • Installation and commissioning strategies
    • Accessibility and inclusive design
    • Fire safety and evacuation provisions
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.
    • 1. Discuss the functional requirements for circulation within a proposed building design.2. Determine traffic planning and equipment selection criteria for lifts, escalators and moving walkways for a given building design.3. Develop a design and installation strategy for escalators and moving walkways into a given building design.4. Present a design and installation strategy for lifts to support a given building design.

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