Design processes The use of a design process — AQA A-Level Design and Technology: Product Design
Verified courseTeaching note checked against the official specification.
Design processes The use of a design process explained
Modelling is the making and testing of representations of a design so that ideas can be communicated, evaluated and improved before committing to production.
Read the full explanation
In the AQA A-level Product Design design-process context, modelling spans quick sketch models and card or foam mock-ups through to CAD models, scale prototypes and functional test rigs. The designer selects the model type to suit the question being asked: a block model checks overall proportions and ergonomics, a CAD assembly checks fit and interference between parts, and a physical prototype tests strength, movement or user handling. Modelling is iterative: each model reveals problems, which feed back into the design. It also supports communication with clients and manufacturers.
Your focus
- Explain why designers use models at different stages of a design process.
- Select an appropriate type of model for a stated design question and justify the choice.
- Describe how findings from a model are used to refine a design.
Design processes The use of a design process exam tips
Marking Points
- Identifies modelling as producing a representation or prototype of a design for testing, evaluation or communication.
- Distinguishes types of model, such as sketch or block models, CAD models, scale models and functional prototypes, and links each to a purpose.
- Explains that modelling allows ideas to be evaluated and refined before expensive production tooling is committed.
- Recognises modelling as an iterative activity in which findings from one model inform the next version.
- Links modelling to communication with clients, users or manufacturers, for example through a presentation model or CAD render.
Examiner Tips
- 💡Read the question stem to see whether it asks about the purpose of modelling or the choice of model type, then answer that focus.
- 💡Use a specific example, such as a foam block model to check handle ergonomics, to make the answer concrete.
- 💡Link modelling explicitly to evaluation and iteration rather than describing model-making as an end in itself.
Common Mistakes
- Treating modelling as only making a final appearance model; correction: modelling includes quick sketch models, mock-ups, CAD and test rigs used throughout development.
- Assuming a model must be full size and fully functional; correction: scale and simplified models are valid when they answer the design question being tested.
- Ignoring the feedback loop; correction: the value of modelling lies in using results to change and improve the design.
- Confusing a model with the final manufactured product; correction: a model represents the design for evaluation, whereas production makes the saleable item.