English Literature

E2E stub topic

This subtopic develops students' ability to critically engage with previously unseen poems, honing skills in close reading, comparative analysis, and interpretation. It emphasises the application of literary terminology and contextual awareness to construct coherent, evidence-based arguments under timed conditions. Mastery of unseen poetry is essential for responding to unfamiliar texts in the AQA GCSE English Literature Paper 2 examination.

E2E stub subtopic

Shakespeare and the 19th-century novel

Students study one 19th-century novel from a prescribed list of seven set texts. The assessment is closed book and requires students to demonstrate understanding of the whole text, including plot, characterisation, themes, and the writer's use of language, form, and structure, while considering the historical, social, and cultural contexts.

The 19th-century novel, Shakespeare

Modern texts and poetry

Students study one set text from a choice of 12, comprising post-1914 prose fiction and drama. The study requires engagement with the whole text to prepare for an essay-based examination.

Modern texts, Poetry, Unseen poetry

Skills

The 'Reading comprehension and reading critically' skill set focuses on developing students' abilities to understand, interpret, and evaluate literary texts through literal and inferential comprehension, critical analysis of writer's craft, and comparative study.

Reading comprehension and reading critically, Writing

An Inspector Calls

An Inspector Calls is a thought-provoking morality play by J.B. Priestley that scrutinises the moral complacency of Edwardian capitalist society and champions the imperative of social responsibility. Through the enigmatic Inspector Goole's relentless interrogation of the prosperous Birling family, the drama lays bare the collective culpability in the tragic suicide of a young working-class woman, challenging audiences to reflect on their ethical obligations to one another.

My Last Duchess

This subtopic examines Robert Browning's dramatic monologue 'My Last Duchess', focusing on the Duke of Ferrara's revelation of his authoritarian, possessive nature through his reflections on a portrait of his late wife. It develops skills in analysing poetic form, language, and structure to interpret character and themes of power, control, and gender dynamics, directly applicable to comparative essay tasks in the AQA GCSE Power and Conflict poetry cluster.

Love's Philosophy

This subtopic focuses on Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem 'Love's Philosophy', exploring its central argument that love and unity are natural laws. Learners analyse the poet's use of natural imagery, personification, and rhetorical questions to convey the speaker's yearning for romantic connection, and consider the poem's context within the Romantic movement.

Frankenstein

This subtopic covers Mary Shelley's Gothic novel 'Frankenstein', exploring its narrative structure, characterisation, and key themes such as ambition, isolation, and the dangers of unchecked scientific progress. Students examine the epistolary frame narrative, the Creature's perspective, and the tragic consequences of Victor Frankenstein's hubris, linking these to the Romantic and Enlightenment contexts.

Exposure

This topic focuses on Wilfred Owen's poem 'Exposure', exploring the psychological and physical suffering of soldiers during World War I, particularly the agonising anticipation of death in the trenches. It examines Owen's use of sensory imagery, structure, and language to convey the futility of war and the indifference of nature, providing a critical commentary on the realities of conflict.

Lord of the Flies

Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel exploring the inherent savagery within humanity when societal structures collapse. Students will examine themes of civilisation versus barbarism, loss of innocence, and the nature of evil. The study focuses on Golding's use of symbolism, characterisation, and setting to convey his pessimistic view of human nature, preparing learners to analyse and evaluate the text for GCSE assessment.

Climbing My Grandfather

This subtopic explores Andrew Waterhouse's poem 'Climbing My Grandfather', an intimate portrayal of a grandchild's relationship with their grandfather through the extended metaphor of a climb. Students will examine how the poet uses imagery, structure, and narrative perspective to convey admiration, love, and the process of understanding a loved one's life and character. The practical application lies in developing analytical skills to interpret poetic devices and thematic depth, essential for GCSE English Literature assessments.

Follower

Seamus Heaney's 'Follower' explores the complex, evolving relationship between father and son through the lens of agricultural labour. The poem moves from a child's awed admiration of his father's ploughing prowess to an adult's recognition of role reversal, employing nautical imagery and precise physical detail to examine memory, legacy, and the shifts in dependency over time.

Letters from Yorkshire

This subtopic explores Maura Dooley's poem 'Letters from Yorkshire', examining the contrast between rural and urban existence through an epistolary exchange. It focuses on how physical distance and different lifestyles shape communication, belonging, and emotional connection, inviting analysis of imagery, structure, and tone.

Checking Out Me History

John Agard's 'Checking Out Me History' explores the tension between Eurocentric historical narratives and the untold stories of black Caribbean culture. The poem challenges the colonial education system by juxtaposing traditional British figures with folk heroes, using Creole dialect and phonetic spelling to assert a distinct cultural voice. Its practical application lies in encouraging critical evaluation of perspective, enabling students to analyse how language and structure can resist oppression and reclaim identity.

Before You Were Mine

This subtopic explores Carol Ann Duffy's poem 'Before You Were Mine', examining the speaker's reflection on her mother's life before motherhood, the passage of time, and the complex, possessive love between parent and child. Analysis focuses on Duffy's use of imagery, structure, and colloquial language to convey a sense of loss and idealized memory, linking to broader themes of nostalgia and identity.

Mother, Any Distance

Simon Armitage's 'Mother, Any Distance' uses the scenario of a son measuring a new house with his mother's help to explore the emotional complexity of gaining independence while maintaining a bond. The central metaphor of the tape measure represents both physical connection and the growing emotional distance, capturing the tension between leaving the nest and the security of parental love. The poem's structure and language vividly convey the speaker's mix of excitement, fear, and gratitude as he navigates this transitional moment.

Kamikaze

The poem 'Kamikaze' by Beatrice Garland explores the story of a Japanese pilot who embarks on a suicide mission during World War II but turns back, reflecting on the conflict between duty and personal conscience, and the devastating consequences of societal ostracism. It employs vivid natural imagery to juxtapose the beauty of life against the brutal expectations of war, inviting readers to consider themes of shame, memory, and the power of nature.

Anita and Me

This novel explores the coming-of-age of Meena, a British Indian girl growing up in a 1970s Midlands mining village, as she navigates the complexities of cultural identity, friendship with the rebellious Anita, and the tensions between her traditional family and the wider, often prejudiced, community. It uses humor and poignant realism to examine themes of belonging, rebellion, and self-discovery.

Never Let Me Go

This subtopic examines Kazuo Ishiguro's novel 'Never Let Me Go', focusing on its dystopian depiction of human clones raised for organ donation, and explores profound questions about identity, mortality, and what it means to be human. Practical application involves analysing narrative techniques, character development, and thematic concerns to construct critical arguments, skills essential for GCSE English Literature assessments.

Jane Eyre

This subtopic focuses on the analysis of Charlotte Brontë's 'Jane Eyre' as a GCSE set text, examining its themes of love, morality, social class, and gender roles. It involves close reading of key extracts, understanding of Victorian context, and critical evaluation of literary techniques used to shape characterisation and structure the narrative. Students will develop skills in essay writing and textual analysis to meet AQA's assessment objectives.

London

This subtopic explores William Blake's poem 'London' from the AQA Power and Conflict anthology, examining its portrayal of a dystopian cityscape marked by suffering, oppression, and institutional failure. The poem critiques the social and political systems of 18th-century London, using powerful imagery and a structured form to reveal the pervasive impact of power and control on individuals and society.

Great Expectations

Charles Dickens's 'Great Expectations' traces the moral and psychological development of Pip, an orphan who rises from humble beginnings to gentleman status through a mysterious benefactor. The novel explores themes of social mobility, guilt, and the true nature of gentility, offering a critical view of Victorian class structures and the corrupting influence of wealth. Its enduring relevance lies in its examination of identity, ambition, and the human capacity for moral growth.

Eden Rock

"Eden Rock" by Charles Causley is a nostalgic and poignant poem that reflects on the speaker's childhood memory of an idyllic moment with his parents, presented through the metaphor of a picnic by a stream. The poem explores themes of memory, loss, and the afterlife, using precise sensory imagery to create a vivid sense of calm and tranquillity. Students analyse how Causley uses language, structure, and form to convey the speaker's emotions and the universal experience of longing for a lost past.

Macbeth

This subtopic provides a comprehensive study of Shakespeare's tragedy 'Macbeth', focusing on the protagonist's psychological collapse as ambition, guilt, and supernatural forces intertwine. Students will develop critical analysis skills to deconstruct character motivations, thematic tensions, and dramatic techniques, while applying contextual insight into Jacobean society and its influence on the play's reception.

Excerpt from The Prelude

This excerpt from Wordsworth's autobiographical epic 'The Prelude' recounts a childhood episode where the speaker steals a boat and experiences a terrifying encounter with a mountain peak, which instills a profound sense of nature's power and guilt. The poem explores themes of memory, nature's sublime influence, and the transition from innocence to experience. Studying this poem enables students to analyse how Wordsworth uses language, structure, and form to convey complex emotions and ideas, a key skill for GCSE English Literature.

Julius Caesar

This subtopic covers Shakespeare's tragedy Julius Caesar, focusing on themes of power, ambition, and betrayal. Students explore the political turmoil of ancient Rome as Brutus and Cassius conspire against Caesar, and the consequences of their actions. The play examines rhetoric, fate, and the conflict between public duty and personal loyalty, offering timeless insights into leadership and morality.

Bayonet Charge

'Bayonet Charge' by Ted Hughes presents a soldier's sudden awakening into the brutal reality of war during a World War I charge. The poem explores the soldier's psychological fragmentation as patriotic ideals dissolve into instinctual terror and existential questioning. Hughes employs vivid, often violent imagery and a disruptive free-verse structure to convey the chaos and dehumanisation of combat.

Much Ado About Nothing

This subtopic focuses on Shakespeare's comedy 'Much Ado About Nothing', exploring themes of deception, love, and honour within Elizabethan society. Students will analyse characterisation, language, and dramatic structure to understand how Shakespeare crafts both humour and social commentary. The study equips learners with skills to critically evaluate literary techniques and contextual influences, applicable to the AQA GCSE English Literature examination.

Ozymandias

Ozymandias is a sonnet by Percy Bysshe Shelley that describes the ruins of a statue in the desert, revealing the transient nature of power and the inevitable decline of all rulers. The poem explores themes of hubris, the legacy of art versus political power, and the sublime power of nature. Through its ironic tone and vivid imagery, students learn to analyze how poetic form and language convey meaning, applying skills of close reading and critical interpretation.

Winter Swans

‘Winter Swans’ by Owen Sheers explores the emotional distance between two lovers, using the natural imagery of swans after a storm as a metaphor for reconciliation and enduring partnership. The poem examines how vulnerability and shared silence can lead to healing, reflecting typical GCSE themes of love’s complexities and the power of nature to mirror human relationships.

Remains

This subtopic covers the in-depth study of Simon Armitage's poem 'Remains' from the AQA GCSE English Literature Power and Conflict anthology. It focuses on the exploration of guilt, trauma, and the psychological aftermath of war experienced by a soldier involved in a fatal shooting. The poem's language, structure, and form are analysed to understand how they convey the speaker's deteriorating mental state and critique the dehumanising effects of conflict.

Walking Away

This subtopic focuses on Cecil Day-Lewis's poem 'Walking Away', exploring its themes of parental love, separation, and the inevitable passage of time. Through vivid imagery and a reflective tone, the poem portrays a father's emotional response to watching his child gain independence, while drawing on natural metaphors to universalise the experience of letting go. The poem is examined within the AQA Love and Relationships anthology, requiring analysis of language, structure, and form to convey complex emotional states.

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

This GCSE Literature unit explores Robert Louis Stevenson's novella, 'The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde', focusing on its portrayal of the duality of human nature, the tension between Victorian propriety and repressed desires, and the consequences of unchecked scientific ambition. Students will analyse narrative techniques, characterisation, and thematic concerns to critically engage with the text and develop skills for examination and assessed essays.

The Tempest

This subtopic delves into Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', exploring its rich tapestry of power dynamics, colonialism, magic, and forgiveness. Students will analyse how Shakespeare uses dramatic devices, characterisation, and Jacobean contexts to craft a play that interrogates authority, otherness, and the possibility of redemption, preparing them for in-depth literary analysis and examination response.

The Farmer's Bride

Charlotte Mew's dramatic monologue 'The Farmer's Bride' explores the tragic breakdown of a marriage from the farmer's perspective, delving into his confused desire, frustration, and the bride's profound psychological withdrawal. The poem juxtaposes rural domesticity with wild feminine otherness, using vivid natural imagery to illuminate themes of isolation, power, and unrequited love within a patriarchal framework. It remains a powerful study of mental anguish and the destructive effects of emotional neglect and social expectation.

Sonnet 29

Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare explores the speaker's intense feelings of isolation and self-loathing, which are transformed through the memory of a beloved person. Students analyse the poem's language, structure, and themes as part of the AQA GCSE English Literature anthology, focusing on how Shakespeare conveys the shift from despair to joy and the relative value of material versus emotional wealth.

Romeo and Juliet

This subtopic focuses on Shakespeare's tragedy 'Romeo and Juliet', exploring its enduring themes of love, fate, conflict and the consequences of impulsive actions. Students analyse the play's language, structure and dramatic techniques within the social and historical context of Elizabethan England, developing skills in critical reading and written expression essential for the AQA GCSE English Literature examination.

Poppies

This poem explores a mother's emotional experience as she remembers her son leaving for war and her subsequent mourning, reflecting on grief, loss, and the enduring impact of conflict on families. Through vivid imagery and shifting perspectives, it highlights the personal cost of national sacrifice, making it a powerful examination of love and remembrance. Students analyze how Weir uses language and structure to convey complex emotions and memory.

When We Two Parted

This subtopic delves into Lord Byron's poignant lyric poem 'When We Two Parted', exploring its exploration of clandestine love, emotional betrayal, and the enduring pain of separation. It encourages students to analyse how Byron's use of form, structure, and intense personal imagery conveys themes of loss, regret, and the societal constraints of Regency-era relationships.

Tissue

Imtiaz Dharker's 'Tissue' uses the extended metaphor of paper to explore the fragility and transience of human power, contrasting the solidity of buildings and borders with the delicate, light-permeable nature of tissue. The poem suggests that true strength lies in softness and adaptability, challenging traditional notions of dominance and control. It invites readers to reconsider what endures, positioning light and paper as symbols of an enduring, gentle power that outlasts rigid human constructs.

Singh Song!

Daljit Nagra’s 'Singh Song!' is a humorous and tender love poem from the AQA anthology cluster 'Love and Relationships' that explores the cultural hybridity and affectionate relationship between a British-Indian shopkeeper and his newlywed wife. Through a lively, semi-phonetic voice blending Punjabi and English, the poem challenges stereotypes and celebrates the couple’s defiance of traditional expectations in their working-class urban environment.

Pride and Prejudice

This subtopic focuses on a detailed study of Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice', exploring its intricate characterisation, narrative techniques, thematic depth, and social critique of early 19th-century England. Students examine how Austen employs irony, free indirect discourse, and structural devices to interrogate issues of class, gender, and marriage, while tracing the protagonists' moral development. Practical application involves crafting analytical essays that connect textual details with wider contexts, honing skills in literary criticism and evidence-based argumentation.

The Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice is a Shakespearean comedy that intertwines themes of mercy, justice, prejudice, and the nature of human relationships. Set against the contrasting backdrops of mercantile Venice and the fairy-tale Belmont, it scrutinizes the bond between the merchant Antonio and the moneylender Shylock, while also exploring Portia’s casket trial and the complexities of love, law, and vengeance. Students will develop analytical skills by examining how Shakespeare uses language, structure, and dramatic irony to critique social norms and create enduringly ambiguous characters.

The Charge of the Light Brigade

This subtopic explores Alfred, Lord Tennyson's 'The Charge of the Light Brigade', a narrative poem commemorating the ill-fated cavalry charge during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War. It focuses on the themes of duty, heroism, and the tragic consequences of military blunder, while employing vivid imagery and a galloping rhythm to immerse the reader in the chaos of battle. Students will examine how Tennyson uses poetic devices to both glorify the soldiers' bravery and subtly critique the command that led to their sacrifice.

The Emigrée

This subtopic covers Carol Rumens' poem 'The Emigrée' from the AQA GCSE English Literature Power and Conflict anthology. It focuses on the speaker's nostalgic memories of her homeland, contrasting an idealised past with the reality of conflict and exile. Students will analyse how language, structure, and imagery convey themes of identity, memory, and loss, and consider the poem's reflection on the refugee experience and the power of the imagination.

Storm on the Island

'Storm on the Island' by Seamus Heaney explores the conflict between a seemingly secure island community and the formidable, unpredictable power of nature. Through vivid, sensory imagery and a stark, conversational tone, Heaney conveys the vulnerability of humanity when faced with the elemental rage of a storm, ultimately suggesting that our perceived safety is an illusion.

Porphyria's Lover

'Porphyria's Lover' is a dramatic monologue by Robert Browning that explores the disturbing mind of a speaker who murders his lover to preserve a perfect moment of love and control. The poem delves into themes of obsession, power, and the Victorian gender dynamics of passivity and dominance, using a chillingly calm tone to challenge the reader's perception of morality and sanity. It serves as a key example of Browning's use of the dramatic monologue to present unreliable narrators and psychological complexity.

The Sign of Four

This subtopic delves into Arthur Conan Doyle's 'The Sign of Four', a Victorian detective novella featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. It explores the narrative's intricate plot, complex characters, and wider contextual themes such as imperialism, justice, and rationality. The work is examined for its literary merit and its reflection of late 19th-century anxieties and values.

Pigeon English

This subtopic explores Stephen Kelman's novel 'Pigeon English', focusing on the perspective of eleven-year-old Harrison Opoku, a Ghanaian immigrant navigating inner-city London. Students will examine the novel's thematic concerns such as gang violence, identity, and the loss of innocence, while analysing Kelman's innovative use of a child narrator and his experimental language. The practical application involves critical evaluation of how narrative voice and structure shape the reader's understanding of contemporary social issues.

War Photographer

Carol Ann Duffy's 'War Photographer' explores the ethical and emotional complexities of documenting human suffering through the lens of a photographer who has returned from conflict zones to develop his images in a quiet, rural English setting. The poem starkly contrasts the horrors of war with the indifference of the public, critiquing how media desensitises society and questioning the role of art in the face of atrocity.

Animal Farm

This subtopic delves into George Orwell's 'Animal Farm', an allegorical novella that critiques totalitarian regimes through a story of rebellious farm animals. Learners will explore how Orwell uses literary devices such as satire and fable to expose the corrupting influence of power and the manipulation of language. The practical application lies in developing critical reading and analytical skills applicable to both academic and real-world contexts.

Neutral Tones

"Neutral Tones" by Thomas Hardy explores the bitter end of a romantic relationship through a memory recalled years later, using stark, colourless imagery and a bleak winter setting to mirror emotional emptiness. The poem's circular structure and pessimistic tone emphasise the permanence of love's decay, inviting analysis of Hardy's use of naturalistic language and form.

A Christmas Carol

This subtopic covers Charles Dickens' 'A Christmas Carol', a novella that explores themes of social injustice, redemption, and the Christmas spirit. Students analyse language, structure, and context to understand Dickens' critique of Victorian society and the transformative journey of Ebenezer Scrooge.