Horticulture & Land Management

    Highfield Qualifications
    Vocational

    Specification: 601/2331/X

    The HIGHFIELD-QUALIFICATIONS Vocational Horticulture & Land Management specification covers 143 topics with 194 learning objectives (601/2331/X). Use the topic browser below to explore subtopics, exam tips, common mistakes, and key terminology for each area of the course.

    This subject will help you develop key knowledge and skills required for exam success.

    143

    Units

    194

    Learning Outcomes

    554

    Assessment Guidance

    629

    Key Skills

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    Key Features

    • Master key concepts
    • Develop exam technique
    • Apply knowledge effectively

    Common Exam Mistakes

    Pitfalls to avoid in your exams

    • •Failing to isolate machinery from power sources (e.g., not removing spark plug leads or disconnecting batteries) before performing maintenance, leading to safety hazards.
    • •Using incorrect lubricants or fluids, which can damage equipment—such as mixing two-stroke oil with petrol incorrectly or applying grease where oil is required.
    • •Neglecting simple pre-maintenance checks like cleaning air filters or inspecting blades for nicks, which often results in premature wear or poor performance.
    • •Over-tightening fasteners or components, causing thread stripping or part distortion, because manufacturer torque specifications are ignored.
    • •Assuming all equipment is maintained in the same way, without recognising the differences between seasonal, scheduled, and condition-based maintenance approaches.
    • •Assuming that a standard grave size fits all coffin dimensions, without checking actual measurements, leading to unsafe or disrespectful excavation.
    • •Failing to inspect and maintain equipment before use, such as not checking hydraulic hoses on excavators for leaks, which can cause pollution and operational failure.
    • •Neglecting to consider underground utilities or tree root zones when positioning graves, resulting in service strikes or ecological damage.

    Top Examiner Tips

    Expert advice for exam success

    • •In oral or written assessments, always structure your answer around the sequence: prepare, isolate, inspect, service, reinstate, and document—this mirrors industry best practice.
    • •Consistently link any maintenance action to a relevant health and safety regulation or approved code of practice (e.g., PUWER, COSHH) to demonstrate underpinning knowledge.
    • •When demonstrating practical tasks, verbalise your risk assessment as you go—mention potential hazards and your control measures to show safe working habits.
    • •For evidence portfolios, include annotated photographs or checklists that clearly show adherence to manufacturer guidelines and safe disposal of waste materials like oils or filters.
    • •In practical assessments, always verbally narrate your safety checks and environmental precautions as you perform them—assessors need to hear your reasoning to award marks.
    • •For written assignments, reference specific legislation (e.g., PUWER, COSHH, Wildlife and Countryside Act) and relate each to a practical burial task to demonstrate deep understanding.
    • •When answering questions on burial procedures, structure your response chronologically from grave layout to final turf restoration, highlighting any variations for different interment types (e.g., traditional, natural burial).
    • •Include photographs or diagrams of equipment maintenance logs and site protection measures in your portfolio as evidence of competence.

    Qualification Units

    143 units

    How this qualification is graded

    Vocational qualifications are marked against criteria, not an exam percentage. Each unit is assessed across three bands - build up from Pass by applying your knowledge to realistic workplace scenarios.

    Pass

    Accurately describe and explain the core knowledge for the unit and link it to the given scenario.

    Merit

    Apply and analyse that knowledge in detail, showing why it matters in the workplace context.

    Distinction

    Evaluate and justify decisions, weigh up alternatives and make well-reasoned professional recommendations.

    Principles of the Maintenance of Equipment

    This subtopic equips learners with foundational knowledge for maintaining a range of land-based equipment, from hand tools to powered machinery, ensuring operational effectiveness and longevity. It covers preparation steps, routine maintenance procedures, and stringent safety protocols, all critical for minimising downtime and preventing accidents in practical horticultural and land management environments.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Assist with the burial process

    This element equips learners with the practical skills and underpinning knowledge to assist in burial operations within a cemetery or memorial ground setting, focusing on selecting, using, and maintaining appropriate equipment, such as grave-digging machinery and shoring boards. It emphasizes strict adherence to health and safety legislation and environmental good practice, including minimising ground disturbance and protecting surrounding turf and flora, while also detailing the step-by-step process of preparing a grave, interring the deceased, and restoring the site respectfully.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Use an air cushion mower

    This element covers the safe and effective operation of an air cushion mower, a specialized rotary mower that floats on a cushion of air for ease of maneuverability on various terrain types. Learners must demonstrate both theoretical knowledge of pre-use checks, maintenance, and safety protocols, as well as practical competency in starting, operating, and maneuvering the machine to achieve an even cut. Mastery of this skill is essential for maintaining amenity turf in parks, golf courses, and large gardens, where efficiency and quality of finish are paramount.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Establish and maintain artificial plant displays

    Establishing and maintaining artificial plant displays requires a combination of creative design and practical skill to install and care for non-living plants in a variety of settings. This element covers the correct selection, use, and maintenance of equipment, safe installation techniques, ongoing appearance preservation, and the minimisation of damage to surrounding real plants and surfaces. Learners must also understand relevant health and safety legislation and environmental good practice, ensuring that displays are both visually effective and compliant.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Principles of transporting supplies of physical resources within the work area

    This subtopic covers the safe and efficient movement of physical resources—such as tools, materials, and products—within a land-based work area. Learners will understand the principles of manual handling, correct use of basic transport aids, and risk assessment to prevent injuries and damage. Practical application includes loading and unloading supplies for horticultural or agricultural tasks while adhering to health and safety regulations.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Establish and maintain conditions appropriate to the welfare of animals

    This element covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to establish and sustain living conditions that meet the welfare needs of livestock within horticultural enterprises. Learners will develop competence in handling, inspecting, and caring for animals while selecting and using appropriate equipment safely. The focus is on applying current legislation and environmental good practice to ensure animal well-being and operational compliance in real work-based settings.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Establish and maintain effective working relationships with others

    This element focuses on the interpersonal skills required to foster productive collaborations within horticultural workplaces, such as nurseries, gardens, or landscaping teams. Learners will explore the importance of communication, respect, and reliability in sustaining professional relationships, and how these contribute to safe, efficient, and harmonious working environments. Understanding the principles of good working practices—including teamwork, accountability, and adherence to organisational procedures—is essential for career progression and personal development in the land-based sector.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Assist with the movement of animals

    This subtopic focuses on developing foundational practical skills to safely and efficiently assist with the movement, loading, and unloading of animals in a land-based setting. Learners will understand the principles of low-stress handling, correct use of equipment, and adherence to health and safety protocols to ensure both human and animal welfare during transit operations.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Assist with the Maintenance of Grass Surfaces

    This subtopic covers the essential practical skills required to assist with basic grass surface maintenance under supervision, including mowing, strimmer use, and clearing debris. Learners will understand how to select and use appropriate tools and equipment safely, while following site procedures to maintain quality standards. It imparts foundational competencies for employment in grounds maintenance and landscaping.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Establish decorative amenity areas

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to establish decorative amenity areas, such as ornamental borders, seasonal bedding displays, and container plantings. Learners will apply safe working practices, select and maintain appropriate equipment, and interpret planting plans to achieve aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sensitive outcomes. The content bridges horticultural theory with site-based implementation, ensuring compliance with health and safety legislation and industry codes of practice.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Over-mark sports lines

    Over-marking sports lines is the process of applying new markings directly over existing faded lines on sports pitches to restore clarity and prolong their visibility. This cost-effective maintenance task requires precision in following original line positions, appropriate selection of marking materials, and adherence to safety protocols. It is a fundamental practical skill in groundskeeping, ensuring safe and regulation-compliant play areas.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Establish interior plant displays

    The establishment of interior plant displays involves the selection, installation, and ongoing maintenance of plants and containers within internal environments, ensuring aesthetic appeal and plant health. This process requires knowledge of suitable plant species, appropriate equipment such as watering systems and lighting, and compliance with health and safety regulations. Practical application includes assessing site conditions, preparing substrates, and using tools correctly to create sustainable displays that enhance indoor spaces.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Establish an even gradient or level between two fixed points

    This subtopic covers the practical techniques for establishing an even gradient or level between two fixed points, essential for land-based projects such as path construction, drainage, and landscaping. Learners will gain hands-on experience using spirit levels, straightedges, boning rods, and string lines to transfer levels accurately, ensuring precise groundwork. Mastery of these skills enables safe and efficient preparation of ground levels in horticultural and land management contexts.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Establish propagation material

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to successfully establish propagation material in a horticultural setting. Learners will develop competence in selecting appropriate propagation methods, preparing growing media, and using tools and equipment safely, while minimising environmental impact. Accurate record-keeping throughout the process is essential for traceability and compliance with legislative requirements.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Support individual stems

    Supporting individual stems is a fundamental horticultural practice that ensures plants grow upright, resists wind damage, and maintains structural integrity. Learners will understand when and why support is needed, select appropriate materials, and apply correct tying techniques to promote healthy plant development.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Establishing crops or plants in growing medium

    This element covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge needed to successfully introduce crops or plants into a prepared growing medium, from initial site assessment through to post-planting aftercare. Learners will apply techniques for setting out, planting or sowing, and establishing plants, while selecting and maintaining appropriate tools and equipment. Emphasis is placed on working in compliance with current health and safety legislation and minimising environmental impact, ensuring plants thrive in their new environment.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Establishing plants or seeds in soil

    This topic covers establishing plants or seeds in soil in horticulture, including selecting equipment, transporting plants, and working safely while minimising environmental damage.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Lay turf by hand

    Laying turf by hand involves the precise placement of rolls or slabs of pre-grown grass onto prepared soil to establish a lawn instantly. This practical skill requires careful ground preparation, cutting and fitting of turf edges, and post-laying care to ensure successful rooting and a seamless finish.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Excavate and form foundations for fencing

    This subtopic covers the essential skills and knowledge required to excavate trenches and form concrete or post-crete foundations for fencing installations in horticultural and land-based settings. Learners must apply safe digging practices, interpret site plans, and comply with relevant legislation such as the Health and Safety at Work Act and any utility avoidance procedures. The practical outcome is a structurally sound fence foundation that meets the given specification, typically involving accurate depth, width, and alignment, and the competent use of tools like spades, levels, and concrete mixers.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Maintain hand tools

    This subtopic introduces learners to the fundamental principles and practical techniques for maintaining hand tools commonly used in land-based industries such as horticulture and agriculture. The focus is on cleaning, sharpening, lubricating, and safely storing tools to prolong their lifespan, improve efficiency, and prevent accidents. Mastery of these basic maintenance skills is essential for safe and effective practical work in any land-based setting and forms the foundation for more advanced tool management in vocational roles.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Mix mortar or concrete

    This subtopic covers the practical procedures and theoretical knowledge required to correctly mix mortar or concrete by hand or with a mechanical mixer. Learners will develop the skills to select appropriate materials, measure ingredients accurately, achieve the correct consistency, and follow health and safety protocols. Mastery of this fundamental task is essential for a wide range of land-based and construction activities, ensuring structural integrity and efficient material use.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Exhume coffins and remains

    This element focuses on the controlled, respectful, and legally compliant process of exhuming coffins and human remains within horticultural and landscape management contexts, primarily in cemetery and burial ground maintenance. Learners will develop skills in equipment selection, safe excavation techniques, and adherence to health, safety, and environmental legislation. The practical application involves ensuring minimal disturbance to the surrounding landscape, preserving dignity for the deceased, and restoring the site to its planned horticultural condition.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes4 guidance points

    Carry out harvesting operations

    This element covers the critical skills of determining crop maturity and readiness, employing appropriate harvesting techniques to maintain product quality, and adhering rigorously to health and safety regulations and environmental stewardship. Practical application involves hands-on harvesting of various horticultural products while minimising waste and environmental impact, ensuring the produce meets market standards.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Assist with the care of animals

    This element equips learners with the foundational skills needed to assist in maintaining animal health and welfare through effective monitoring and feeding practices. It emphasises practical competence in observing animal condition, recognising abnormalities, and accurately providing species-appropriate nutrition and hydration under supervision.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes4 guidance points

    Identify annuals and herbaceous perennials

    This subtopic focuses on the identification of annual and herbaceous perennial plant species commonly used in horticulture and land-based settings. Learners will develop the ability to distinguish between complete lifecycle annuals and persistent perennials, using visual characteristics such as leaf shape, flower structure, and growth habit. This skill is essential for tasks like planting design, seasonal displays, and ongoing garden maintenance within vocational land-based roles.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Identify and collect plants for dispatch

    This element focuses on the practical skills and knowledge required to accurately identify plants from their key characteristics and select specimens that meet quality standards for dispatch. Learners must demonstrate safe operating procedures, environmental awareness in plant collection, and the correct use and maintenance of horticultural tools and equipment. Mastery ensures readiness for the workplace, aligning with industry expectations for plant handling, biosecurity, and customer satisfaction.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Prepare and plant a container for display

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills required to successfully prepare, plant, and maintain a container display. Learners will select suitable plants, prepare the container and growing medium, plant correctly, and tidy the work area, developing foundational horticultural techniques applicable to gardens, patios, and interior spaces.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Identify and report the presence of pests, diseases and disorders

    This element focuses on equipping learners with the skills to accurately identify common horticultural pests, diseases, and physiological disorders in plants, and to follow proper reporting procedures. It emphasizes adherence to health and safety legislation and environmental good practice to prevent contamination and harm. Practical application includes conducting thorough plant inspections, using identification guides, and effectively communicating findings to supervisors or specialists.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assist with Planting and Establishing Plants

    This subtopic covers the foundational practical skills required to assist in planting and establishing plants under supervision. Learners will develop competence in basic planting techniques, post-planting care such as watering and mulching, and adherence to safe working practices in a land-based environment.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Identify the health and maintain the condition of general amenity turf

    This element equips learners with the practical skills to assess turf health, diagnose common issues, and apply appropriate maintenance techniques using correct equipment. It emphasizes safe working practices and environmental stewardship to ensure sustainable amenity turf management.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Principles of the care of animals

    This element introduces learners to the essential principles of animal husbandry, focusing on the routine monitoring of health and wellbeing and the correct provision of food and water. It covers how to recognise signs of good health and common indicators of illness or distress, ensuring animals are maintained in a safe and comfortable environment. Practical application involves daily checks, record keeping, and adherence to feeding schedules to promote welfare and productivity in land-based settings.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Install hard standing sub-layers

    This element focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to correctly install sub-layers for hard standing areas such as patios, paths, and driveways. It covers the selection and operation of compaction and leveling equipment, the installation of sub-bases and laying courses, and the essential principles of aggregate behavior, drainage, and structural integrity. Learners must apply health and safety legislation and environmental good practice throughout the process.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assist with the maintenance of equipment

    This subtopic covers the fundamental skills required to assist with the maintenance of land-based equipment under close supervision. Learners will develop the ability to prepare tools and machinery for servicing, carry out basic maintenance tasks such as cleaning, lubrication, and component replacement, and consistently apply safe working practices in line with industry standards.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Installation of edge restraints

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills and knowledge required to correctly install edge restraints such as kerbs, channels, and edgings in horticultural settings. Learners will apply safe working practices while selecting and maintaining appropriate tools, ensuring installations are durable, level, and aligned with design specifications. The ability to install these features is essential for defining planting areas, creating pathways, and preventing soil erosion in professional landscaping projects.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Installing block surfaces

    This element covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to prepare substrates, set out, and install block surfacing for paths, patios, and driveways within horticultural settings. Learners will develop competency in selecting, using, and maintaining hand tools and powered equipment such as plate compactors and cut-off saws, while adhering to health and safety regulations and environmental best practice to minimise waste and pollution.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Principles of the maintenance of equipment

    This subtopic covers the fundamental principles of maintaining equipment commonly used in land-based industries, ensuring learners can safely prepare for and carry out maintenance tasks. It focuses on practical skills such as selecting correct tools, following manufacturer guidelines, and adhering to health and safety legislation to prevent accidents and extend equipment life.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Installing drainage systems

    This subtopic covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to install effective land drainage systems in horticultural settings, ensuring optimal soil conditions for plant growth, turf management, and land use. Learners will understand the principles of water movement, site assessment, and drainage design, and will be able to select and use appropriate tools, equipment, and materials while adhering to health, safety, and environmental good practice.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Plant flower bulbs for naturalisation or bedding

    This subtopic covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to successfully plant flower bulbs for two distinct purposes: naturalisation (creating permanent, informal drifts in grass or woodland) and bedding (temporary, formal displays in beds or containers). Learners will select appropriate bulbs, prepare sites, and apply correct planting techniques, including depth, spacing, and orientation, ensuring healthy growth and aesthetic impact. Post-planting care such as watering, labelling, and aftercare specific to naturalised or bedding schemes is also integral to the skill.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes12 guidance points

    Prick out seedlings singly

    Pricking out seedlings singly is a vital horticultural technique used to transplant young seedlings from crowded seed trays into individual containers, promoting stronger root development and reducing competition. This process ensures each plant has adequate space, nutrients, and light to thrive before being planted out. Mastering this skill is essential for producing healthy bedding plants, vegetables, and ornamental crops in commercial and domestic settings.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Installing flagstone surfaces

    This subtopic covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required for laying flagstone paving in a horticultural or landscape setting. Learners must demonstrate competent selection, use, and maintenance of tools, accurate setting out and installation techniques, and strict adherence to health and safety legislation and environmental best practice. The focus is on producing durable, level, and aesthetically acceptable flagstone surfaces while minimising waste and site disturbance.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Use a cylinder mower

    This subtopic covers the safe and effective operation of a cylinder mower, a precision cutting machine commonly used for fine turf maintenance. Learners must demonstrate knowledge of pre-start checks, blade adjustment, mowing techniques, and post-use maintenance to achieve a quality finish while minimising damage to the grass and ensuring personal safety.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Installing sett/cobble surfaces

    This element covers the essential skills and knowledge for preparing and installing sett and cobble surfaces in horticultural and landscape settings. It emphasises the selection, safe use, and maintenance of hand and power tools, as well as meticulous base preparation to ensure durable, stable, and aesthetically pleasing paving. Learners will apply industry standards to real-world projects, demonstrating compliance with health and safety regulations and environmental good practice to prevent pollution and material wastage.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Levelling and preparing sites for landscaping

    This element covers the essential skills of levelling and preparing ground for landscaping projects, ensuring a stable and level base for subsequent hard and soft landscape features. It includes selecting and maintaining appropriate tools and machinery, interpreting site plans, setting levels, and reinstating ground to required grades while complying with health and safety legislation and environmental best practices. Mastery of these skills is critical for preventing drainage issues, ensuring load-bearing capacity, and delivering high-quality landscape finishes.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Principles of the Propagation of Plants from Seed

    This subtopic introduces the fundamental techniques for raising plants from seed, a cost-effective method for producing large numbers of plants. Learners will explore the necessary preparations, including selecting appropriate growing media and containers, understanding seed dormancy and viability, and the environmental conditions required for successful germination. The practical application emphasizes safe work practices and immediate aftercare to ensure healthy seedling establishment.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Clearing horticultural and landscaping sites

    This subtopic covers the essential practical skills and underpinning knowledge required for clearing horticultural and landscaping sites safely and efficiently. Learners will be expected to select appropriate equipment, apply correct site clearance methods, and adhere to health and safety legislation and environmental good practice. The ability to assess sites, minimise ecological impact, and maintain equipment is crucial for professional competence in this area.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assist with the basic preparation and operation of a tractor

    This subtopic covers the safe and effective preparation of a tractor, including pre-start checks, basic operation, and the attachment and use of implements. Learners will develop practical skills to assist with routine tasks in land-based settings, ensuring they can work under supervision while adhering to health and safety guidelines. Emphasis is placed on developing competence in manoeuvring the tractor and attaching simple equipment, preparing learners for further progression in land-based operations.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Load and unload physical resources within the work area

    This element focuses on the safe and efficient loading, transporting, and unloading of physical resources such as plants, growing media, equipment, and hard-landscaping materials within a horticultural work area. Learners must select appropriate mechanical and manual handling equipment, conduct pre-use checks, and follow organisational procedures to minimise risk of injury, resource damage, and environmental harm. Competency demonstrates readiness for real-world tasks like nursery stock movement, site clearance, or material distribution in line with health and safety legislation and sustainable practice.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Assist with the Preparation of Growing Media

    This element focuses on the fundamental practical skills required to assist in preparing growing media, such as soil, compost, or aggregate mixes, for plant cultivation. Learners will handle materials, measure and combine components, and ensure consistency, while adhering to health and safety protocols. Mastery of this task underpins successful plant growth and is essential in landscaping, nursery production, and horticultural maintenance roles.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assist with Maintaining Plants

    This subtopic covers fundamental tasks involved in assisting with the care of plants, including watering, feeding, mulching, and pruning. It also addresses the identification and removal of common weeds, pests, and diseases using basic techniques. Emphasis is on following instructions and adhering to health and safety regulations to prevent accidents and ensure plant welfare.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Maintain and develop personal performance

    This element focuses on the candidate's ability to take ownership of their own professional growth within horticultural work. It requires them to regularly assess their performance against agreed standards, identify development needs, and implement strategies to enhance their skills and knowledge. The practical application involves creating personal development plans, seeking feedback, and evidencing continuous improvement in real work environments such as nurseries, gardens, or amenities.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Use a nylon cored strimmer

    This element covers the correct and safe operation of a nylon cored strimmer for cutting grass and light vegetation in land-based settings. Learners must demonstrate practical competence in pre-use checks, starting procedures, effective cutting techniques, and post-use maintenance. Mastery ensures neat, efficient trimming while minimising environmental damage and personal risk.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Maintain and renovate artificial sports surfaces

    Artificial sports surfaces, such as 3G pitches and polymeric courts, require systematic maintenance and periodic renovation to uphold performance, safety, and longevity. This unit covers the inspection, brushing, decompaction, infill management, line marking, and repair processes essential for sustaining synthetic turf and hard porous surfaces. Learners must integrate safe operational practices, correct equipment use, and environmental stewardship to meet industry standards and client expectations.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Maintain drainage systems

    This element focuses on the inspection, maintenance, and safe operation of horticultural drainage systems, including surface and sub-surface types. Learners must demonstrate practical competence in identifying blockages, clearing debris, and repairing minor faults while applying current health and safety legislation and environmental best practices to minimise pollution and damage.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Build a sample brick wall

    This subtopic covers the fundamental principles and practical techniques required to construct a basic brick wall sample, typically used in horticultural or landscaping contexts such as low garden walls or raised beds. Learners will develop competency in setting out, mixing mortar, and laying bricks to a straight, level, and plumb alignment with a sound bond, emphasizing accuracy and safe working practices.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Maintain equipment and machines

    This subtopic covers the essential competencies needed to maintain horticultural equipment and machines safely and effectively, ensuring minimal downtime and compliance with legislation. Learners will develop practical skills in preparing, inspecting, and servicing a range of machinery, while applying health and safety protocols and environmental best practices to prevent pollution and reduce waste.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Laying hard surfaces for external landscaping

    This subtopic covers the principles and practical techniques for laying hard surfaces such as paving slabs, block paving, and gravel in external landscaping projects. Learners will understand site preparation, sub-base construction, bedding mortar mixing, laying patterns, and finishing methods to create durable, level, and aesthetically pleasing surfaces that meet industry standards.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Support herbaceous perennials

    This subtopic covers the essential practice of providing physical support to herbaceous perennial plants to maintain their vigor and visual appeal. Learners explore why and when supports are needed, such as preventing damage from wind, rain, or heavy blooms, and apply appropriate techniques including staking, tying, and using proprietary plant supports. Practical application includes selecting suitable materials, installing supports at the correct growth stage, and ensuring the plant's natural habit is preserved while remaining functional and unobtrusive.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Maintain moisture levels for crops or plants

    This element focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to effectively manage soil and growing media moisture for optimal plant health. Learners must demonstrate competence in monitoring moisture levels, selecting and using appropriate irrigation equipment, and adjusting watering practices based on plant needs, weather conditions, and environmental considerations. Practical application includes performing routine maintenance on equipment, adhering to health and safety regulations, and minimising water waste and environmental impact in a work-based horticulture setting.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Collect and prepare produce or plant material for transport

    This subtopic covers the practical skills needed to harvest or collect plant material (such as fruits, vegetables, or ornamental cuttings) and prepare it for safe transport to market or storage. Learners apply knowledge of maturity indicators, correct picking tools, and post-harvest handling to maintain quality. Mastery of these techniques ensures that produce arrives in optimal condition, reducing waste and meeting industry standards.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Maintain the appearance of decorative amenity areas

    This element focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to maintain ornamental gardens, public parks, and other decorative landscapes. Learners must demonstrate competence in selecting appropriate tools, performing aesthetic maintenance tasks on various area types, and applying integrated pest management while adhering to health and safety and environmental regulations. Effective maintenance ensures visitor enjoyment, ecological balance, and prolongs the lifespan of plantings and hard features.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Maintain the condition of sports turf surfaces

    Maintaining sports turf surfaces involves selecting, using, and maintaining equipment, as well as understanding how conditions affect grass growth. Safe working practices and minimising environmental damage are essential. Learners must know how to set out surfaces and comply with health and safety legislation.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Scarify turf by hand

    Scarifying turf by hand involves using a spring-tine rake to remove thatch, moss, and debris from the lawn surface, improving air, water, and nutrient penetration. This manual method is essential for small areas or delicate turf where mechanical scarifiers may cause damage, and it promotes healthier grass growth. Proper technique requires correct posture, consistent rake strokes, and thorough removal of loosened material.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Identify weeds

    The subtopic 'Identify weeds' focuses on equipping learners with the ability to recognise common weed species found in horticultural and land-based settings. It covers the importance of accurate identification for effective weed management, enabling learners to distinguish weeds from desirable plants based on key characteristics such as leaf shape, flower structure, and growth habit.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Maintain the health and appearance of interior plant displays

    This element focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to maintain interior plant displays in a professional setting, ensuring both aesthetic appeal and plant health. Learners will develop the ability to select, use and maintain appropriate equipment, while applying safe working practices that minimise environmental impact, in line with current legislation and industry good practice.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes4 guidance points

    Maintain the health of sports turf

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills and knowledge required to sustain the quality and playability of sports turf through appropriate cultural practices, including mowing, scarification, aeration, top dressing, and irrigation. Learners must demonstrate competence in selecting and safely operating specialized equipment, while adhering to health and safety legislation and minimizing environmental impact. Mastery ensures turf resilience against wear and disease, meeting the standards of sports facilities.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Sow seed outdoors using a pedestrian operated machine

    This element focuses on the practical skills required to sow seed outdoors using a walk-behind machine, ensuring efficient and uniform distribution. Learners demonstrate site and equipment preparation, machine calibration, safe operation, and immediate aftercare such as rolling or raking to promote germination. Mastery of this task underpins successful establishment of lawns, meadows, or cover crops in land-based industries.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Horticulture: Understanding Soils and Growing Media

    This subtopic introduces the fundamental relationship between growing media and plant health, covering soil structure, texture, pH, and essential nutrients. It explores common commercial and garden media such as loam, peat-based and peat-free composts, and how to prepare them for planting. Learners also examine basic soil cultivation methods like digging, raking, and tilth creation to establish optimal growing conditions.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Collect and prepare propagation material

    This element develops competence in gathering viable propagation material, such as seeds, cuttings, or divisions, and applying correct preparation techniques to maximise success. It also emphasises accurate record-keeping for traceability and compliance, alongside safe, environmentally sound practices that underpin professional horticulture.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Assist with the transport supplies of physical resources within the work area

    This element develops learners' ability to safely assist with the manual handling and transportation of physical resources (e.g., plants, tools, soil) in land-based settings. It covers proper lifting techniques, use of basic equipment like wheelbarrows, and adherence to health and safety regulations to prevent injury and damage. Mastery supports efficient workflow and teamwork in horticultural operations.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Maintaining plants outdoors

    This element focuses on the practical competencies required to maintain outdoor plants effectively. Learners must demonstrate proficiency in selecting and using appropriate tools, implementing plant health care routines, and adhering to health, safety, and environmental regulations. The unit ensures that candidates can work responsibly to sustain plant vitality while minimizing harm to the surrounding ecosystem.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Prepare ground for sowing or planting under supervision

    This element covers the foundational skills required to prepare soil for sowing seeds or transplanting plants, focusing on basic techniques such as clearing debris, loosening compacted earth, and creating a suitable tilth. Learners will develop practical competence in using hand tools safely under direct supervision, ensuring they understand the importance of soil condition and health for successful plant establishment. Mastery of these tasks forms the basis for further horticultural operations and promotes responsible land stewardship.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Maintaining water features

    This element equips learners with the practical skills and underpinning knowledge to effectively maintain a range of water features in horticultural settings. It covers routine care, water quality management, plant and wildlife balance, and the safe use of specialist tools. Mastery ensures water features remain aesthetically pleasing, ecologically balanced, and compliant with health and safety and environmental regulations.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Prune deciduous shrubs flowering on current season’s growth

    This subtopic covers the principles and techniques for pruning deciduous shrubs that produce flowers on stems grown during the current growing season, such as Buddleja davidii and Hydrangea paniculata. Learners must understand that timely pruning in late winter or early spring promotes vigorous new growth, leading to abundant flowering. Practical application involves tool selection, plant identification, correct cutting methods, and adherence to health and safety protocols to maintain shrub health and aesthetic form.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Merchandise plants and other relevant products

    This subtopic covers the essential skills for displaying and selling plants and horticultural products effectively. Learners will understand visual merchandising principles, plant presentation, and customer engagement techniques to maximize sales while maintaining plant health and quality. Practical application includes preparing retail displays, ensuring product information is accurate, and sustaining plant condition during the sales process.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes5 guidance points

    Monitor and maintain watering systems

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to effectively monitor, maintain, and troubleshoot irrigation systems in horticultural settings. Learners will develop the ability to check system functionality, adjust watering schedules based on environmental conditions and plant needs, and perform routine maintenance tasks while adhering to health and safety and environmental protection protocols. Accurate record-keeping and proper equipment use are integral to ensuring efficient water usage and sustainable land management.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Prepare and plant a hanging basket

    This element covers the essential knowledge and practical skills required to successfully prepare and plant a hanging basket. Learners will understand plant selection, growing media, lining techniques, and aftercare. Competence in this task demonstrates foundational horticultural skills applicable to garden maintenance and landscaping roles.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Lay paving slabs

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skill of laying paving slabs for domestic or commercial landscaping projects. Learners will understand the step-by-step process from ground preparation and sub-base construction to accurate slab placement, levelling, and jointing. Mastery of this skill is essential for creating durable, level, and aesthetically pleasing paved areas such as paths, patios, and driveways.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Monitor and record environmental conditions for protected crops

    This element focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to effectively monitor, record, and manage environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation within protected cropping structures. Learners must demonstrate competence in using appropriate instruments, interpreting data, and making adjustments to maintain optimal growing conditions while adhering to health and safety requirements and sustainable practices. Accurate record-keeping is emphasised to support crop management decisions and traceability, aligning with industry standards and legislation.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Maintain and protect metal surfaces

    This subtopic covers fundamental techniques for preserving metalwork in land-based industries, including cleaning, rust removal, and applying protective finishes. Learners will gain hands-on experience in assessing surface condition and selecting appropriate treatments to prevent corrosion. These skills directly extend the service life of tools, machinery, fences, and gates, supporting sustainable land management.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Monitor and report on the growth and development of crops and plants

    This subtopic develops learners' ability to systematically observe, record, and communicate crop growth data while adhering to health and safety regulations. It ensures accurate reporting for decision-making in horticultural operations, such as adjusting care routines or predicting yields.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes5 guidance points

    Principles of the Preparation of Growing Media

    This subtopic covers fundamental principles for preparing growing media in horticulture, including selecting and readying materials like soil, compost, and aggregates, blending them to create optimal plant growth environments, and adhering to health and safety protocols. It equips learners with practical skills for potting, seed sowing, and plant propagation.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Monitoring and maintaining health and safety

    This element equips learners with the competence to proactively monitor, maintain, and promote health, safety, and security practices within horticultural workplaces. It covers the practical application of risk assessments, safe use of tools and machinery, correct manual handling, adherence to manufacturers' instructions, and fostering a safety-conscious culture for oneself and others.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Obtain, position and prepare growing media

    This subtopic covers the critical processes of selecting, handling, and amending growing substrates to meet specific plant requirements. It includes safe manual handling, site positioning, and the preparation of bespoke media blends to optimise plant health and yield. Mastery ensures efficient resource use and compliance with health and safety and environmental standards.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assist with maintaining structures and surfaces

    This subtopic introduces learners to the basic skills required for assisting with the maintenance of land-based structures and surfaces, such as fences, gates, paths, glasshouses, and polytunnels. It emphasises safe working practices, correct use of tools and materials, and the importance of routine checks to prevent deterioration and ensure functional, safe environments in horticultural and agricultural settings.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Cultivate land by single digging or forking

    This subtopic introduces the basic land cultivation technique of single digging and forking, essential for preparing soil for planting by improving structure, drainage, and incorporating organic matter. Learners will develop practical competence in using spades and forks safely and effectively, a foundational skill for horticulture and land-based industries.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Place and fix fence posts

    This element covers the essential practical skills and knowledge required to install durable and safe fence posts, ensuring adherence to health and safety regulations and industry best practices. Learners will develop competence in selecting appropriate tools and materials, preparing the site, positioning posts accurately, and securing them using appropriate methods, while addressing common on-site challenges. Mastery of these skills is critical for constructing long-lasting fences in horticultural and land-based settings.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Set out a right angle on the ground

    Setting out a right angle on the ground is a fundamental surveying and construction skill used to establish accurate perpendicular lines for laying out buildings, garden plots, paths, and other land-based projects. This subtopic covers the principles and practical methods to create a precise 90-degree angle using basic tools such as tapes, pegs, and string, with a focus on the 3-4-5 triangle method. Mastery of this skill ensures that groundworks are square and align correctly with design plans, which is essential for professional land-based work.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Place goods and materials into storage

    This subtopic focuses on the correct procedures for placing horticultural goods and materials into storage, ensuring their preservation, accessibility, and compliance with health and safety regulations. Learners will understand the specific requirements for storing diverse items such as plants, seeds, fertilizers, and equipment, and will develop the skills to identify and resolve common storage issues like pest infestations, spoilage, or equipment malfunction.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Communicate information within the workplace

    This unit element focuses on developing effective workplace communication skills specific to horticultural settings, covering both receiving and transmitting information accurately. Learners must demonstrate practical competence in verbal, written, and digital communication methods while adhering to relevant legislation such as data protection and confidentiality requirements.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Dead-head rose bushes, Rhododendrons or other shrubs

    Dead-heading is the horticultural practice of removing spent or faded flowers from ornamental plants to promote further blooming, improve plant health, and maintain aesthetic appearance. This subtopic covers the specific techniques for dead-heading rose bushes, Rhododendrons, and other shrubs, including correct tool usage, timing, and aftercare. Mastery of this skill is essential for maintaining public and private gardens, ensuring plants channel energy into growth rather than seed production.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Construct and maintain boundaries

    This element focuses on the foundational practical skills for constructing and maintaining boundaries in land-based settings, including post-and-wire fencing, hedging, and basic repairs. Learners will develop the competence to select appropriate materials, use tools safely, and follow step-by-step procedures to ensure boundaries are secure, functional, and meet industry standards. The skills are directly applicable to roles in agriculture, horticulture, and estate maintenance, where effective boundary management is essential for livestock control, crop protection, and land delineation.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF), Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    2 learning outcomes19 guidance points2 criteria

    Plant nomenclature, terminology and identification

    This element focuses on the systematic naming of plants using the binomial system, enabling accurate communication and record-keeping in horticulture. Learners will explore how morphological features such as leaf shape, flower structure and stem characteristics aid identification, and practice using keys to assign correct botanical names. The unit also emphasises safe working practices, including risk assessment and the minimisation of environmental impact during plant collection and survey activities.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Support plants on wires, frames or trellis

    This subtopic covers the essential horticultural practice of training plants onto supporting structures such as wires, frames, or trellises to promote healthy growth, control shape, and maximise space or yield. Learners will explore appropriate materials, methods of attachment, and the importance of seasonal timing to ensure plant health and structural integrity.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Maintain wooden structures with water-based preservative

    This subtopic covers the essential knowledge and practical skills required to maintain outdoor wooden structures (e.g., fences, sheds, gates) using water-based preservatives. Learners will understand the importance of protecting wood from weathering, fungal decay, and insect attack, while also gaining hands-on competence in applying preservatives safely, efficiently, and with minimal environmental impact. The focus is on correct preparation, product selection, application techniques, and post-treatment care to extend the lifespan of timber structures in land-based settings.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Identify indoor plants

    This element focuses on enabling learners to accurately identify a range of common indoor plant species by their key morphological features, common names, and basic botanical nomenclature. Mastery of this skill is essential for roles in garden centres, interior landscaping, and horticultural retail, where correct identification ensures appropriate plant care advice and customer satisfaction.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Contribute to the preparation of forest and woodland sites

    This element covers the fundamental skills required for preparing forest and woodland sites, including safe tool use, vegetation clearance, and basic cultivation techniques. Learners will develop practical competence in site preparation while understanding their legal responsibilities under health and safety and environmental legislation. The focus is on applying these skills to establish suitable growing conditions for a range of common tree species.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    6 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Assist with harvesting and preparing crops

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills required to assist with harvesting crops safely and efficiently, including selecting appropriate tools, handling produce to minimize damage, and basic post-harvest preparation such as cleaning, grading, and packing. Learners will develop an understanding of workplace safety protocols, hygiene standards, and the importance of following instructions to maintain crop quality and meet commercial requirements.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Plant container grown plants

    This subtopic introduces the fundamental principles and practical techniques for planting plants grown in containers, covering site selection, planting hole preparation, plant handling, and aftercare. Learners will develop the manual skills to safely and correctly transfer container-grown plants into the ground or larger containers, ensuring healthy establishment and minimising transplant stress. Successful completion demonstrates competency in a core horticultural task applicable to gardens, nurseries, and landscape maintenance.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Set out pots, modules or trays following potting or pricking out

    This subtopic focuses on the proper arrangement and spacing of pots, modules, or trays after the potting or pricking out process. It ensures optimal plant growth by providing adequate space for development, facilitating air circulation, and enabling efficient watering and maintenance. Correct setting out is essential for reducing plant stress and preventing overcrowding-related issues in nursery or greenhouse environments.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    4 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Prepare and plant a container for display

    This unit provides learners with the foundational skills to prepare and plant a container for display, a common task in horticulture and landscaping. It emphasizes the selection of appropriate containers, growing media, and plant materials, as well as correct planting techniques to ensure plant health and visual appeal. Mastery of these skills supports entry-level roles in garden centres, landscaping, and grounds maintenance.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    4 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Prune bush roses

    This subtopic covers the essential techniques for pruning bush roses to promote healthy growth, vigorous flowering, and shape maintenance. Practical application includes identifying appropriate tools, making correct cuts, and understanding timing to maximize plant vitality and aesthetic appeal.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Apply fertiliser by hand to bare ground

    This subtopic covers the practical skill of manually broadcasting granular fertiliser onto bare soil, focusing on achieving an even distribution at the correct application rate. It emphasises adherence to safety protocols, calibration of hand application techniques, and environmental considerations to support healthy plant establishment while minimising runoff or scorching.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Lay paving blocks on sand

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skill of laying paving blocks on a sand bed, a fundamental technique in hard landscaping. Learners must understand the sequence from sub-base preparation to final compaction to produce a stable, even surface suitable for patios, paths, or driveways. Mastery ensures durability, proper drainage, and compliance with industry standards for domestic landscaping projects.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Maintain paved areas

    This element covers the essential skills and knowledge required to maintain paved areas in horticultural or land-based settings. Learners gain practical experience in identifying common surface problems, selecting appropriate tools, and applying safe manual techniques to keep paved surfaces clean, weed-free, and in good repair. The focus is on developing routine maintenance habits that ensure safety, functionality, and a neat appearance in gardens, parks, or public spaces.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Use a leaf-litter blower

    This subtopic covers the safe and effective operation of a leaf-litter blower, a common tool in horticulture and land management. Learners must understand pre-start checks, correct starting procedures, safe handling techniques, and how to direct debris efficiently while minimising environmental impact. Mastery ensures learners can maintain tidy outdoor spaces, contributing to professional standards in grounds maintenance.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Assist with Identifying the Presence of, and Controlling Common Pests and Diseases

    This subtopic focuses on developing the practical skills to recognise common pests and diseases affecting land-based environments and assisting in their control under supervision. Learners will demonstrate safe working practices while identifying symptoms and applying appropriate control measures, ensuring minimal harm to plants, humans, and the environment.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Assist with the Vegetative Propagation of Plants

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to assist with vegetative propagation, a technique used to produce new plants from non-sexual plant parts such as stems, leaves, or roots. Learners will develop competency in collecting suitable propagation material, preparing it correctly, and establishing it under controlled environmental conditions to maximize rooting success. These skills are fundamental in horticulture for cloning plants with desired characteristics, such as disease resistance or ornamental traits, and are applied in nurseries, garden centers, and land management projects.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Determine soil pH with colour indicator test kit under supervision

    This subtopic equips learners with foundational skills in soil testing using a colour indicator kit to determine pH levels, a critical factor in plant health and land management. By understanding and applying pH testing under supervision, learners gain practical experience in assessing soil suitability, informing decisions on crop selection, nutrient management, and amendment applications. The element emphasises safe, accurate, and standardised procedures essential for vocational horticulture environments.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    6 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Build or repair a dry stone wall

    This subtopic covers the fundamental techniques of dry stone walling, including selecting and shaping stones, laying foundations, and constructing a stable wall without mortar. Learners will apply these skills in practical settings, understanding the importance of batter, throughstones, and hearting for structural integrity, which are essential for land management and conservation projects.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assess soil texture and condition

    This subtopic equips learners with the essential skills to evaluate soil texture and condition through practical field methods. By understanding soil components such as sand, silt, and clay, and learning to assess moisture, organic content, and compaction, candidates can make informed decisions for planting, drainage, and land use. These skills are fundamental for horticulture, agriculture, and conservation projects.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Lift, divide and plant herbaceous perennials

    Lifting, dividing and planting herbaceous perennials is a core horticultural skill essential for maintaining plant vigour, controlling growth, and propagating stock. Proper technique ensures minimal shock to the plant, promotes healthy root development, and enables the gardener to create new plants for free. This subtopic covers the full cycle from selecting appropriate tools and timing, to aftercare of the replanted divisions.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Sow grass seed by hand

    This subtopic covers the essential practical technique of sowing grass seed by hand, a fundamental skill in land-based operations for establishing new lawns, sports fields, or pasture. Learners will develop the ability to prepare a seedbed, apply seed evenly at the correct rate, and execute appropriate aftercare to ensure successful germination and uniform growth. Mastery of this skill is critical for achieving professional-quality turf and is a core competency for entry-level horticulture and landscaping roles.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Construct and maintain paths

    This subtopic covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge required to construct and maintain various types of paths within horticultural and land management settings. Learners will demonstrate competence in selecting appropriate materials, using tools and equipment safely, and adhering to health and safety legislation and environmental good practice. Successful completion ensures paths are functional, durable, and sympathetic to their surroundings, meeting client or site specifications.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes12 guidance points

    Sow seed indoors in containers

    This subtopic covers the essential practical skills for sowing seeds indoors in containers, a foundational technique in horticulture and land-based industries. Learners will develop the ability to select appropriate containers, prepare growing media, sow seeds at correct depths, and provide optimal conditions for germination. Mastery of this skill ensures successful plant propagation for bedding, vegetables, and ornamental production, directly supporting commercial and domestic growing enterprises.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Place sports equipment

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skills required to correctly and safely place sports equipment in land-based settings, such as pitches or recreational areas. Learners will understand how to select appropriate equipment, position it according to regulations and safety guidelines, and ensure it is ready for use. This competency is essential for maintaining safe and functional sports facilities.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Identify trees and shrubs

    This subtopic equips learners with the fundamental skill of identifying common tree and shrub species, a critical competence in horticulture and land management. Accurate identification underpins proper planting, maintenance, pest control, and conservation planning, enabling practitioners to make informed decisions in gardens, woodlands, and landscapes. Learners will develop observational techniques to distinguish species by foliage, bark, flower, and fruit characteristics, applying this knowledge to practical tasks and environmental assessments.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Principles of maintaining structures and surfaces

    This subtopic covers the essential principles for maintaining land-based structures and surfaces, including fences, gates, pathways, and outdoor areas. Learners gain practical understanding of routine inspection, cleaning, and minor repair methods, emphasising safety and functionality in horticultural or agricultural environments.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Prepare soil and apply organic mulch

    This element covers the fundamental horticultural practices of soil preparation and organic mulching. Learners will develop the ability to manually prepare a plot by clearing, digging, and leveling, followed by the selection and application of organic mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. These skills are essential for maintaining healthy planting areas in gardens, nurseries, and landscaped environments.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Care for a planted area

    This unit focuses on the essential aftercare required to maintain the vitality and aesthetics of planted areas, encompassing tasks such as weeding, watering, mulching, and the safe use of basic horticultural tools. Learners apply this knowledge in a practical setting, demonstrating the ability to support plant health under supervision. Successful completion lays the groundwork for further studies in land-based operations and promotes safe working practices in the horticultural industry.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Prune shrubs for winter stem colour

    This subtopic focuses on the horticultural practice of pruning specific shrubs to encourage vibrant, colourful stems for winter display. Learners will understand the biological principles behind stem coloration and develop the practical skills to perform timely, correct pruning cuts. The outcome enhances both aesthetic garden design and plant health management.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    6 learning outcomes13 guidance points

    Aerate turf by hand

    This element covers the manual aeration of turf to alleviate compaction and improve air, water, and nutrient movement within the root zone. Learners gain knowledge of when and why aeration is required and develop the practical skills to aerate turf using hand tools such as a garden fork or hollow tine aerator following industry standards.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Principles of Identifying the Presence of, and Controlling Common Pests and Diseases

    This subtopic introduces learners to the fundamental principles of pest and disease identification in land-based settings, emphasizing visual inspection and symptom recognition. It covers practical control methods, including cultural, biological, and chemical approaches, while stressing the importance of safe working practices to protect oneself, others, and the environment. These skills are essential for entry-level roles in horticulture, agriculture, and grounds maintenance, ensuring early intervention and sustainable management.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Assist with the Maintenance of Equipment

    This subtopic focuses on the fundamental skills required to support the maintenance of hand tools and small equipment commonly used in land-based operations. Learners will gain practical experience in cleaning, inspecting, and storing equipment to ensure operational readiness and longevity. The emphasis is on safe working practices and adherence to maintenance schedules, which are critical in preventing accidents and costly repairs.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Principles of Maintaining Plants

    This unit introduces learners to the fundamental principles of plant maintenance, covering techniques to promote plant health, identify and manage unwanted plants, and adhere to safe working practices. It equips individuals with practical skills essential for entry-level roles in horticulture and land-based industries.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Pot up rooted cuttings, large seedlings or plugs by hand

    Potting up is the horticultural practice of transplanting young plants (rooted cuttings, large seedlings, or plugs) into individual containers with fresh growing medium to promote root development and prepare them for further growth or sale. This hands-on skill is fundamental in nurseries and garden centers, requiring careful handling to minimize transplant shock and ensure plant health. At Level 1, learners must demonstrate competence in selecting appropriate pots and media, properly planting at the correct depth, and applying aftercare such as watering and labelling.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Construct water features

    This subtopic covers the practical skills and underpinning knowledge needed to construct various types of water features, such as ponds, fountains, and waterfalls, in a work-based horticulture context. Learners will demonstrate the ability to interpret specifications, prepare sites, select appropriate materials and tools, and construct features safely while minimising environmental impact. The emphasis is on competent performance aligned with industry standards and current health and safety legislation.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Principles of Maintaining Grass Surfaces

    This subtopic covers the fundamental principles and techniques required for the proper care and upkeep of grass surfaces, including mowing, watering, nutrition, aeration, and pest management, essential for maintaining healthy and aesthetically pleasing lawns, sports fields, and amenity areas. Learners gain practical knowledge to apply these principles in a safe and effective manner.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Principles of basic preparation and operation of a tractor

    This subtopic covers the essential health and safety checks, routine maintenance tasks, and correct starting and stopping procedures required before tractor operation. Learners will also gain practical knowledge of selecting, attaching, and securing implements such as trailers or mowers, and operating the tractor safely with these attachments in realistic land-based scenarios. Mastery ensures compliance with industry safe practice and prepares individuals for basic tractor duties in horticulture and agriculture.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes7 guidance points

    Water a bed, border or area of plants in containers

    This element covers the essential practical skill of watering plants in beds, borders, or containers. Learners will understand water requirements of plants, safe use of equipment, and techniques to ensure effective hydration without waste or damage.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    5 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Sow seed outdoors in drills by hand

    This subtopic covers the manual technique of sowing seeds in straight lines (drills) in outdoor soil. Learners must understand correct preparation, drilling depth, seed spacing, and aftercare to ensure successful germination. It is a foundational horticultural skill used for vegetable and flower production, essential for crop establishment in land-based industries.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Propagate by stem cuttings

    This element covers the theory and practical skills required to successfully propagate plants using stem cuttings. Learners will understand the principles behind selecting suitable parent material and the environmental conditions necessary for root formation, then apply these to produce viable new plants in a vocational setting.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Remove dew from fine turf

    This subtopic focuses on the practical skill of removing dew from fine turf, a critical early-morning grounds maintenance task that reduces fungal disease risk and ensures consistent playing surfaces. Learners develop the knowledge and ability to use appropriate tools like switches, canes, or dew brushes to effectively clear moisture from high-value turf areas such as golf greens, bowling greens, or ornamental lawns.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Use a wheeled rotary mower

    This element develops competence in safely operating a wheeled rotary mower for turf maintenance. Learners apply pre-start checks, mowing techniques, and post-operation procedures to achieve a professional finish while complying with health and safety regulations.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Maintain the safety of self and others in a practical work environment

    This element covers essential safety practices for individuals working in land-based environments. It emphasizes understanding relevant health and safety legislation, identifying common hazards, and implementing safe working procedures. Learners will gain skills to prepare, work, and leave work areas safely, as well as respond to incidents and emergencies.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    6 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Principles of the movement of animals

    This subtopic focuses on the safe, humane, and efficient movement of animals within land-based settings, covering guiding animals between locations and the correct procedures for loading and unloading them onto transport vehicles. Learners will understand how to minimise stress and injury to both animals and handlers, while meeting legal and welfare obligations. The practical application is essential for roles in farming, animal care, and conservation, where routine handling and transportation are core tasks.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes11 guidance points

    Principles of harvesting and preparing crops

    This subtopic introduces the fundamental principles of harvesting and preparing crops, covering the stages from identifying optimal harvest time to final cleaning and sorting. Learners will gain practical insights into using appropriate tools safely and maintaining produce quality. The focus is on developing essential skills for employment in land-based industries, emphasizing safe working practices and basic crop handling techniques.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    6 learning outcomes9 guidance points

    Edge and rake golf bunkers

    This unit develops the practical skills necessary to maintain golf bunkers to a high standard. Learners will master the techniques of edging bunker perimeters to remove encroaching vegetation and create a crisp edge, as well as raking to level sand and remove debris, contributing to consistent playing conditions and overall course presentation.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Control pests, diseases and disorders

    This subtopic focuses on the integrated management of pests, diseases, and physiological disorders in horticultural settings, emphasizing the selection and safe operation of appropriate control equipment, adherence to health and safety legislation, and the application of environmental best practices to maintain plant health and crop viability in the workplace.

    Highfield Level 2 Diploma In Work-based Horticulture (RQF)

    1 learning outcomes5 guidance points

    Repair area of damaged turf with seed

    This element covers the practical skill of restoring damaged turf areas through seeding, essential for maintaining healthy lawns, sports fields, and amenity grasslands. Learners develop competence in site preparation, seed selection, sowing techniques, and aftercare to ensure successful germination and establishment.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes10 guidance points

    Prune hedges by hand

    This element focuses on the fundamental practical skill of pruning hedges using manual hand tools. Learners will develop the ability to select and safely use appropriate cutting tools such as shears or secateurs, understand basic pruning principles to shape and maintain hedge health, and apply proper techniques to achieve a neat and even finish. Proficiency in this task is essential for entry-level land-based roles, ensuring aesthetic and functional landscape maintenance.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes8 guidance points

    Prune deciduous spring-flowering shrubs

    This subtopic covers the correct identification, timing, and techniques for pruning deciduous shrubs that flower in spring, such as Forsythia, Philadelphus, and Weigela. Learners must understand that these plants set flower buds on growth from the previous season and therefore pruning must be carried out immediately after flowering to avoid removing next year's blooms. Practical application involves using appropriate secateurs, loppers, and saws to make clean cuts that promote healthy regrowth and maintain the natural shape and productivity of the shrub.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes13 guidance points

    Edge turf with shears

    Edging turf with shears is a fundamental horticultural skill used to create neat, defined borders between lawns and adjacent features such as paths, flower beds, or driveways. It involves the precise cutting of overhanging grass blades and stolons to maintain a crisp vertical edge, which not only enhances visual appeal but also prevents invasive grass growth into cultivated areas. Mastery of hand shearing techniques promotes sustainable landscape maintenance without reliance on powered tools, emphasising control, safety, and environmental awareness.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    1 learning outcomes6 guidance points

    Planting and staking a tree

    This element equips learners with the practical skills to correctly plant and stake a tree, covering site preparation, planting technique, staking for support, and immediate aftercare. It emphasizes health and safety, proper use of tools, and ensuring tree establishment for long-term viability.

    HABC Level 1 Certificate In Practical Land-based Skills (QCF)

    7 learning outcomes10 guidance points

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    Highfield Qualifications Vocational Horticulture & Land Management