Understand and use the sine, cosine and tangent functions; their graphs, symmetries and periodicity; know and use exact values of sin and cos for 0, π/6, π/4, π/3, π/2, π and multiples thereof, and exact values of tan for 0, π/6, π/4, π/3, π and multiples thereof

This topic covers the fundamental trigonometric functions sine, cosine, and tangent, which are essential for modelling periodic phenomena in mathematics and physics. You will learn their definitions using the unit circle, their graphs, symmetries, and periodic properties. Understanding these functions is crucial for solving equations, analysing waves, and working with triangles in both pure and applied contexts.

A key aspect is memorising exact values of sin, cos, and tan for common angles (0, π/6, π/4, π/3, π/2, π, and their multiples). These values appear frequently in exam questions and are essential for efficient problem-solving without a calculator. The periodic nature of these functions (sin and cos have period 2π, tan has period π) and their symmetries (e.g., sin is odd, cos is even) allow you to simplify expressions and solve equations over specified intervals.

In the Edexcel A-Level, this knowledge underpins more advanced topics such as trigonometric identities, compound angle formulas, and calculus of trigonometric functions. Mastery of exact values and graph behaviour will save you time in exams and build confidence for tackling complex problems.