Module 2 – Foundations of physics

Module 2 – Foundations of physics is the bedrock of the OCR A-Level Physics course, introducing the essential language, tools, and techniques that underpin all subsequent topics. This module covers physical quantities, units, measurements, and uncertainties, ensuring you can communicate scientific ideas precisely and analyse experimental data rigorously. Mastering these foundations is crucial because every other module—from mechanics to quantum physics—relies on the ability to quantify, measure, and evaluate physical phenomena with accuracy and confidence.

The module begins with SI units and their prefixes, teaching you to convert between multiples like nano, micro, milli, kilo, and mega. You'll learn to distinguish between base and derived units, and how to express derived units in terms of base units using dimensional analysis. This skill is vital for checking the consistency of equations and understanding the relationships between physical quantities. You'll also explore scalar and vector quantities, learning to add vectors both graphically and analytically, which is essential for solving problems in mechanics and fields.

A significant portion of the module is dedicated to measurements and uncertainties. You'll learn about random and systematic errors, how to calculate absolute and percentage uncertainties, and how to combine uncertainties when performing calculations. The concept of significant figures and decimal places is reinforced, ensuring you present results appropriately. Practical skills are emphasised, including the use of vernier callipers, micrometers, and data loggers. This module not only prepares you for the practical endorsement but also develops the critical thinking needed to evaluate experimental methods and results—a skill that examiners highly value.