Energy and the environment

Energy and the environment is a key topic in WJEC A-Level Physics that explores the relationship between energy generation, consumption, and their impact on the natural world. You will study different energy sources—both renewable (e.g., solar, wind, hydroelectric) and non-renewable (e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear)—and evaluate their efficiency, environmental costs, and sustainability. The topic also covers the principles of energy conservation, the concept of specific heat capacity, and how energy is transferred in power stations and other systems.

Understanding this topic is crucial because energy use is at the heart of modern society and a major driver of climate change. By analysing the physics behind energy resources, you will be able to make informed judgments about which technologies are most suitable for reducing carbon emissions and meeting future energy demands. This knowledge also connects to broader themes in physics, such as thermodynamics, efficiency, and the laws of energy conservation.

In the WJEC specification, this topic builds on earlier work on energy transfers and power, and it links to units on thermal physics and nuclear physics. You will need to apply mathematical skills to calculate efficiency, energy costs, and payback times, as well as interpret data from graphs and tables. Mastery of this area will help you tackle exam questions that require both quantitative problem-solving and extended writing on environmental issues.