Development

Development in psychology explores how humans grow and change across their lifespan, from infancy to old age. This topic is central to understanding the interplay between nature (genetic inheritance) and nurture (environmental influences) in shaping who we become. For AQA GCSE Psychology, you'll focus on early brain development, Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and the roles of attachment and education. Understanding development helps explain why individuals differ in abilities, behaviours, and mental health, and it underpins practical applications in parenting, teaching, and therapy.

The topic is divided into key areas: brain development (including the role of genetics and experience), Piaget's stages of intellectual growth, and the impact of early attachment on later relationships. You'll also consider how research into development has been applied, for example in education (e.g., discovery learning) and childcare (e.g., key worker systems). Development is a core component of the 'Cognition and Development' section of the specification, linking closely to memory, perception, and social influence.

Mastering this topic requires you to evaluate theories critically—considering strengths, weaknesses, and cultural biases. You'll need to recall specific studies (e.g., Piaget's conservation tasks, Ainsworth's Strange Situation) and understand how they support or challenge theoretical claims. Development is not just about children; it also covers adolescence and adulthood, though GCSE focuses primarily on early years. By the end, you should be able to explain how both biological maturation and environmental experiences drive developmental change.