This topic explores the development of the individual, focusing on early brain development, cognitive development theories (Piaget), and learning theories (Dweck and Willingham) that explain how children grow and learn. It also examines the development of morality.
This topic explores the fascinating relationship between language, thought, and communication. You'll investigate whether language shapes the way we think (linguistic relativity) or whether thought comes first. Key studies include the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and research on animal communication, such as the work of Gardner and Gardner with Washoe the chimpanzee. Understanding this topic helps explain cultural differences in cognition and the unique nature of human language.
You'll also examine the functions of language (e.g., social, expressive, transactional) and how non-verbal communication (e.g., eye contact, body language) conveys meaning. The topic links to broader psychological debates about nature vs. nurture and the uniqueness of human cognition. Mastery of this content is essential for Paper 2 and for understanding how psychology explains everyday interactions.
By the end of this topic, you should be able to evaluate research methods used in language studies, compare human and animal communication, and discuss the implications of linguistic relativity for understanding cultural differences. This knowledge is not only exam-relevant but also enriches your understanding of how you communicate with others in daily life.
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