Rashi & Ramban's Commentaries on the Pentateuch — ATHE Vocational Religious Studies

The ATHE Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Torah Studies provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of the Torah, the foundational text of Judaism. This qualification covers the origins, structure, and themes of the Torah, including the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible), as well as its historical context and interpretive traditions. Students explore key narratives, laws, and theological concepts, such as covenant, prophecy, and divine revelation, while developing skills in textual analysis and critical thinking. The course is designed for those seeking a deeper understanding of Jewish scripture and its relevance to contemporary religious and ethical debates.

This diploma is part of the ATHE Level 3 suite of vocationally-related qualifications, which are recognised for their rigorous academic standards and practical application. Studying Torah at this level not only enhances knowledge of Jewish tradition but also builds transferable skills in research, analysis, and communication. The course is ideal for students pursuing further study in theology, religious studies, or related humanities, as well as those interested in careers in education, community leadership, or interfaith work. By engaging with primary texts and scholarly interpretations, students gain a nuanced perspective on one of the world's most influential religious documents.

The qualification is structured around core units that cover the Torah's literary genres, historical development, and major themes. Students examine the Torah's role in Jewish liturgy, ethics, and law, and consider its impact on Christianity and Islam. Assessment typically involves written assignments, essays, and textual commentaries, requiring students to demonstrate both knowledge and analytical depth. This course encourages independent study and critical engagement, preparing students for higher education or professional roles where religious literacy is valued.

• →Covenant (Brit): The binding agreement between God and the Jewish people, central to the Torah's narrative, particularly with Abraham, Moses, and at Sinai.
• →Torah as Divine Revelation: The belief that the Torah was revealed by God to Moses at Mount Sinai, forming the basis of Jewish law (Halakha) and theology.
• →Mitzvot (Commandments): The 613 commandments in the Torah, covering ethical, ritual, and civil laws, which guide Jewish life and practice.
• →Narrative and Law (Aggadah and Halakha): The Torah interweaves stories (Aggadah) with legal codes (Halakha), each serving to convey theological and ethical lessons.
• →Interpretive Traditions: The Torah is studied through multiple lenses, including the Oral Torah (Mishnah, Talmud), medieval commentaries (e.g., Rashi), and modern critical approaches.

• Explain Rashi's use of Midrash and peshat.
• Analyse a verse using Rashi's commentary.
• Analyse a verse using Ramban's commentary.
• Compare the approaches of Rashi and Ramban.

• 💡Memorise key examples of Rashi's use of Midrash.
• 💡Understand Ramban's emphasis on hidden meanings.
• 💡Practice comparing commentaries on the same verse.
• 💡When analysing a Torah passage, always consider its context within the broader narrative and its connection to key themes like covenant or holiness. Examiners award higher marks for demonstrating how a specific verse relates to the Torah's overall message.
• 💡Use primary sources (e.g., Torah verses) and secondary sources (e.g., Rashi, Maimonides) to support your arguments. Citing a range of interpretations shows depth of understanding and critical engagement.
• 💡For essay questions, structure your answer with a clear thesis, evidence from the text, and evaluation of different scholarly views. Avoid mere description; aim to analyse and argue a point.

• Confusing Rashi's literal approach with Ramban's philosophical one.
• Failing to cite specific commentary passages.
• Overlooking the context of the verse.
• Misconception: The Torah is only the first five books of the Bible and has no connection to the rest of the Hebrew Bible. Correction: While the Torah is the Pentateuch, it is part of the Tanakh (Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim) and is foundational for understanding the Prophets and Writings.
• Misconception: The Torah is a single, unified text written by Moses. Correction: Modern scholarship suggests multiple authors and editorial layers (Documentary Hypothesis), though traditional Judaism affirms Mosaic authorship. Both perspectives are studied in this diploma.
• Misconception: The Torah's laws are only for ancient Israelites and have no modern relevance. Correction: Many Torah laws, such as those on social justice (e.g., leaving gleanings for the poor), are reinterpreted in contemporary Jewish ethics and continue to influence legal and moral discussions.

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