Ways of interpreting Scripture

This topic explores the diverse ways in which religious believers interpret their sacred texts, focusing on Christianity and the Bible. It examines the spectrum from literal interpretation (where every word is taken as historically and scientifically accurate) to liberal or non-realist approaches (where texts are seen as symbolic, mythological, or culturally conditioned). Understanding these methods is crucial for analysing how believers derive moral guidance, doctrine, and personal meaning from scripture, and for evaluating debates about authority, inspiration, and truth in religion.

The topic is central to the Edexcel A-Level Religious Studies course because it underpins many ethical and philosophical discussions—such as the problem of evil, the nature of miracles, and the relationship between science and religion. Students must grasp how different interpretative frameworks lead to contrasting conclusions on issues like creation, the resurrection, and moral teachings. This knowledge also enables critical engagement with scholars such as Augustine, Aquinas, Bultmann, and Frei, whose views on scripture shape broader theological debates.

Mastering this topic allows students to move beyond simplistic 'literal vs. metaphorical' binaries and appreciate the nuanced positions—such as the 'critical realist' approach (e.g., John Polkinghorne) that sees scripture as both historically grounded and theologically meaningful. It also connects to wider themes of revelation, faith, and reason, making it a foundational component for essay questions on religious language, pluralism, and the authority of sacred texts.