Key beliefs of Hinduism

    OCR
    GCSE

    Candidates must analyze the complex theological framework of Hinduism, focusing on the ontological relationship between Brahman (Ultimate Reality) and Atman (Self). Study necessitates a critical evaluation of the cyclical nature of existence (Samsara), the moral law of cause and effect (Karma), and the soteriological goal of Moksha. Responses must distinguish between divergent understandings of the Divine—specifically Saguna and Nirguna Brahman—and the synthesis of Dharma and Yoga in achieving liberation.

    5
    Objectives
    4
    Exam Tips
    4
    Pitfalls
    3
    Key Terms
    4
    Mark Points

    Learning Objectives

    What you need to know and understand

    • Bhagavad Gita 2:22 (Soul casting off bodies like clothes)
    • The three Gunas: Sattva, Rajas, Tamas
    • The four Purusharthas: Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha
    • Chandogya Upanishad (Tat Tvam Asi - 'Thou Art That')
    • The distinction between Sruti (revealed) and Smriti (remembered) texts

    Example Examiner Feedback

    Real feedback patterns examiners use when marking

    • "You have defined the term correctly; now link it to its impact on a Hindu's daily life (Dharma)"
    • "Your argument is logical, but it lacks specific scriptural support—add a quote from the Gita or Vedas"
    • "Avoid listing deities; explain how their specific powers reflect different aspects of the Divine"
    • "The conclusion repeats the introduction; ensure you weigh the evidence to make a final judgment"

    Marking Points

    Key points examiners look for in your answers

    • Award marks for precise distinction between Nirguna Brahman (formless) and Saguna Brahman (with form)
    • Credit responses that accurately cite the Bhagavad Gita or Upanishads to support claims about the soul's immortality
    • Candidates must explain the functional roles of the Trimurti (Creation, Preservation, Destruction) rather than merely listing names
    • High-level responses must analyse the concept of Avatar, specifically linking Vishnu's incarnations to the restoration of Dharma

    Examiner Tips

    Expert advice for maximising your marks

    • 💡In 'Explain' questions, use the 'Point, Evidence, Explanation' structure twice to secure full marks
    • 💡Memorise the 'worn-out garments' analogy from Bhagavad Gita 2:22 for questions on Reincarnation
    • 💡Allocate 20 minutes strictly to the 15-mark 'Discuss' question to ensure a developed conclusion
    • 💡Always identify the specific source of authority (e.g., 'The Upanishads state...') rather than saying 'Holy books say...'

    Common Mistakes

    Pitfalls to avoid in your exam answers

    • Confusing 'Brahman' (Ultimate Reality), 'Brahma' (Creator Deity), and 'Brahmin' (Priestly Varna)
    • Asserting Hinduism is purely polytheistic without acknowledging the underlying monistic belief in one supreme reality
    • Misinterpreting 'Karma' as immediate luck rather than the cumulative moral law of cause and effect influencing rebirth
    • Failing to provide a counter-argument in the 15-mark 'Discuss' question, resulting in a capped mark

    Key Terminology

    Essential terms to know

    Likely Command Words

    How questions on this topic are typically asked

    State
    Outline
    Describe
    Explain
    Discuss
    Evaluate

    Ready to test yourself?

    Practice questions tailored to this topic