Is secularisation occurring?

Secularisation refers to the declining influence of religion in society. In the context of the UK, this topic examines whether religious beliefs, practices, and institutions are losing their social significance. Sociologists debate the extent to which secularisation is occurring, with some arguing that religion is in decline (e.g., Bruce) and others claiming it is simply changing form (e.g., Davie). This topic is central to the OCR A-Level Sociology specification, as it explores the relationship between religion and social change, and requires students to evaluate competing theories and evidence.

The debate is important because it addresses fundamental questions about modernity: as societies become more rational, scientific, and individualistic, does religion inevitably decline? Students must consider a range of evidence, including church attendance figures, the rise of new religious movements, and the role of religion in public life. The topic also connects to broader themes such as globalisation, postmodernity, and the nature of belief in contemporary society. Understanding secularisation helps students critically assess the role of religion in shaping social norms, values, and institutions.

To fully grasp this topic, students need to engage with key sociological perspectives: the secularisation thesis (supported by Wilson and Bruce), the religious economy model (Stark and Bainbridge), and the idea of spiritual revolution (Heelas and Woodhead). They must also evaluate the impact of factors such as science, education, and consumerism on religious decline. The OCR exam often requires students to apply these theories to specific examples, such as the decline of traditional Christianity in the UK versus the growth of Pentecostalism globally.