Introduction to Supply Chain Operations — SFEDI Enterprises Ltd. T/A SFEDI Awards Vocationally-Related Qualification Warehousing & Logistics Revision

    This element introduces the fundamental architecture of supply chains, exploring how organisations are linked through material, information, and financial

    Topic Synopsis

    This element introduces the fundamental architecture of supply chains, exploring how organisations are linked through material, information, and financial flows to deliver products from raw materials to end consumers. Learners examine the distinct roles of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and support organisations, and analyse the communication methods that synchronise these entities. Practical application involves mapping a real-world supply chain to identify dependencies, bottlenecks, and opportunities for improved coordination.

    Key Concepts & Core Principles

    Exam Tips & Revision Strategies

    Common Misconceptions & Mistakes to Avoid

    Examiner Marking Points

    Introduction to Supply Chain Operations

    SFEDI ENTERPRISES LTD. T/A SFEDI AWARDS
    vocational

    This element introduces the fundamental architecture of supply chains, exploring how organisations are linked through material, information, and financial flows to deliver products from raw materials to end consumers. Learners examine the distinct roles of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and support organisations, and analyse the communication methods that synchronise these entities. Practical application involves mapping a real-world supply chain to identify dependencies, bottlenecks, and opportunities for improved coordination.

    21
    Learning Outcomes
    42
    Assessment Guidance
    42
    Key Skills
    20
    Key Terms
    43
    Assessment Criteria

    Assessment criteria

    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Award in Introduction to Supply Chain (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Leadership and Management (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Ports and Shipping (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Manufacturing and Production (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Procurement (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Logistics and Transport (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Warehousing (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Business (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Diploma in Introduction to Supply Chain (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Extended Diploma in Introduction to Supply Chain (IoSCM)
    SFEDI Awards Level 2 Certificate in Introduction to Supply Chain (IoSCM)

    Topic Overview

    The SFEDI Awards Level 2 Award in Introduction to Supply Chain (IoSCM) provides a foundational understanding of supply chain operations within the warehousing and logistics sector. This qualification covers the end-to-end flow of goods, information, and finances from raw material suppliers to end customers. Students explore key functions such as procurement, inventory management, transportation, and warehousing, learning how these elements integrate to create efficient supply chains. The award is designed for those new to the field or seeking to formalise their knowledge, offering practical insights into the roles and responsibilities within a modern supply chain environment.

    Understanding supply chains is critical because they underpin global commerce; disruptions can halt production, delay deliveries, and increase costs. This qualification equips students with the vocabulary and concepts needed to communicate effectively in logistics roles. It also highlights the importance of customer service, sustainability, and technology in optimising supply chain performance. By mastering these basics, students can progress to higher-level qualifications or entry-level positions in procurement, warehousing, or transport management.

    The IoSCM syllabus aligns with real-world practices, covering topics like supply chain planning, risk management, and performance measurement. Students learn how different sectors (retail, manufacturing, etc.) tailor supply chains to meet specific demands. The award emphasises the interconnectedness of all stages, from sourcing raw materials to delivering finished products, and introduces tools like just-in-time (JIT) and lean principles. This holistic view prepares students to contribute to efficient, cost-effective, and resilient supply chains.

    Key Concepts

    Core ideas you must understand for this topic

    • →Supply Chain Flow: The movement of materials, information, and finances upstream (to suppliers) and downstream (to customers). Understanding this flow is essential for identifying bottlenecks and improving efficiency.
    • →Inventory Management: Balancing stock levels to meet demand without overstocking. Techniques include economic order quantity (EOQ), safety stock, and ABC analysis (categorising items by value).
    • →Transportation Modes: Road, rail, air, and sea each have cost, speed, and capacity trade-offs. Modal choice depends on product type, distance, and urgency.
    • →Warehousing Functions: Receiving, storing, picking, packing, and dispatching goods. Efficient layout and technology (e.g., barcode scanning) reduce errors and speed up operations.
    • →Customer Service: Meeting delivery promises and handling returns. Key metrics include on-time delivery rate and order accuracy.

    Learning Objectives

    What you need to know and understand

    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • Identify the key characteristics of a supply chain and describe the links between its stages.
    • Explain the distinct roles of manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and logistics providers within a supply chain.
    • Compare different communication methods used to coordinate supply chain activities and evaluate their effectiveness.
    • Analyse the inter-relations between procurement, production, and distribution functions in a typical supply chain.
    • Evaluate the impact of poor communication on supply chain performance and customer satisfaction.
    • Describe the key characteristics of a supply chain and the linkages between its stages.
    • Explain the roles of different organisations involved in a typical supply chain.
    • Identify common communication methods used to coordinate supply chain activities.
    • Outline how key functions such as procurement, warehousing, and distribution interrelate within a supply chain.
    • Describe the key characteristics of an effective supply chain.
    • Identify the roles of various organisations in a supply chain, including suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors.
    • Explain common communication methods used within a supply chain and their purposes.
    • Outline the core functions of a supply chain and explain how they interrelate.

    Assessment Criteria

    Key criteria assessors look for in your portfolio

    • Award credit for clearly differentiating between the three key flows: material (physical goods), information (order data, forecasts), and financial (payments, credit terms).
    • Evidence must include identification of at least two types of external organisations (e.g., third-party logistics providers, suppliers, regulatory bodies) and their specific contributions.
    • Assessor should look for explicit comparison of at least two communication methods (e.g., EDI vs. email) with advantages and limitations in a supply chain context.
    • Award credit for demonstrating how key functions (procurement, production, warehousing, transport) interrelate by mapping their handoff points and information triggers.
    • Award credit for clearly identifying and explaining the forward and reverse flows of materials, information, and finances within a supply chain, using relevant industry terminology.
    • Look for evidence that the learner can distinguish between the roles of different organisations (e.g., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers) and explain how they interrelate to fulfil customer demand.
    • Assess knowledge of communication methods by requiring the learner to match appropriate methods (e.g., EDI, ERP systems, face-to-face meetings) to specific supply chain scenarios, justifying their choices.
    • Credit demonstration of understanding the key functions (procurement, production, logistics, customer service) and how misalignment between them can cause delays, excess inventory, or customer dissatisfaction.
    • Award credit for clearly describing the flow of goods, information, and funds between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers in a port-centric supply chain.
    • Credit should be given for identifying at least three different organisations (e.g., shipping line, freight forwarder, customs broker) and accurately explaining their specific roles and interdependencies.
    • Expect accurate identification and explanation of communication methods such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), email, and real-time tracking systems, with relevant examples of their application in port and shipping operations.
    • Assessors should look for a description of how procurement, warehousing, transportation, and inventory management interconnect within a typical supply chain, with specific reference to the flow of goods through a port.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a clear understanding of supply chain characteristics, including the flow of materials, information, and finances, and how these create interdependence between stages.
    • Award credit for accurately identifying the roles of key organisations (e.g., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, customers) and explaining their collaborative links, supported by relevant industry examples.
    • Award credit for analysing communication methods (such as EDI, vendor-managed inventory, or cloud-based platforms) and evaluating their contribution to synchronisation and problem-solving across the supply chain.
    • Award credit for accurately identifying and explaining at least three types of links within a supply chain (e.g., material flow, information flow, financial flow) with clear examples.
    • Award credit for clearly describing the role of a specific external organisation (e.g., third-party logistics provider, wholesaler) and how it integrates into the wider supply chain, supported by a relevant sector example.
    • Award credit for evaluating two communication methods (e.g., EDI, cloud-based platforms) with reference to their impact on supply chain efficiency and potential challenges.
    • Award credit for correctly identifying and describing the three main flows in a supply chain: product/services, information, and finances.
    • Award credit for demonstrating an understanding of the roles of at least three different organisations in a typical supply chain (e.g., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers) and their interdependencies.
    • Award credit for outlining at least two communication methods (e.g., EDI, email, meetings) used within supply chains and explaining their importance for coordination.
    • Award credit for correctly mapping the key functions and inter-relations within a given supply chain example, showing how delays or breakdowns in one area affect others.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a clear understanding of how goods, information, and finances flow between different supply chain tiers (e.g., from supplier to manufacturer to warehouse to retailer).
    • Credit identification and description of at least three distinct organisational roles (such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers) and their interdependencies.
    • Expect evidence of explaining communication methods like EDI, ERP systems, and real-time tracking, with links to their impact on supply chain visibility and responsiveness.
    • Assess ability to map key functions (procurement, inventory management, warehousing, transportation) and show how their inter-relations affect overall supply chain performance.
    • Award credit for demonstrating an understanding of supply chain characteristics such as the flow of materials, information, and finances, and the links between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers.
    • Credit for accurately identifying and describing the roles of at least three different organisations (e.g., raw material supplier, logistics service provider, retailer) within a supply chain.
    • Award credit for explaining at least two communication methods (e.g., EDI, email, face-to-face) and their importance in ensuring timely and accurate information flow.
    • Credit for describing inter-relations between key functions (procurement, warehousing, transport) with examples of how delays in one area impact others.
    • Award credit for correctly identifying the three main flows in a supply chain: material, information, and financial.
    • Look for clear distinctions between the roles of different organisations, such as suppliers versus third-party logistics providers.
    • Evidence of understanding the importance of real-time communication in reducing the bullwhip effect.
    • Demonstration of how delays in one function (e.g., production) can cascade to affect distribution and customer service.
    • Credit should be given for use of relevant industry terminology, such as 'lead time', 'inventory turnover', and 'supply chain visibility'.
    • Award credit for clearly describing the flow of goods from supplier to customer, including at least three distinct stages.
    • Award marks for correctly identifying at least three types of organisations in a supply chain and outlining their primary responsibilities.
    • Credit should be given for outlining at least two communication methods and providing a relevant example of their application in a supply chain context.
    • Evidence of understanding the interdependency of procurement, inventory management, and transportation functions, with a cause-and-effect example.
    • Award credit for correctly describing the flow of goods and information in a supply chain, using appropriate terminology such as upstream and downstream.
    • Award credit for accurately identifying and explaining the roles of at least three different types of organisations (e.g., raw material supplier, manufacturer, retailer) with relevant examples.
    • Award credit for discussing at least two communication methods (e.g., Electronic Data Interchange, email, phone) and their advantages in supply chain coordination.
    • Award credit for demonstrating understanding of how procurement, inventory management, and distribution functions are linked, such as how delays in one affect the others.

    Assessment Guidance

    Guidance for achieving higher grades

    • 💡When presenting evidence, always anchor your explanation in the three flows (material, information, financial) to show holistic understanding.
    • 💡Use a simple case study or real-world example to illustrate interrelations—e.g., how a delay in raw material information cascades to production and delivery.
    • 💡For communication methods, explicitly mention where each is typically used (e.g., EDI for order processing, ERP dashboards for inventory visibility) and note any integration benefits.
    • 💡In coursework, include a diagram of a supply chain with labelled links and describe how a disruption in one link affects others to demonstrate applied understanding.
    • 💡When answering assessment questions, always structure your responses around the three core flows: material, information, and financial—this demonstrates holistic understanding.
    • 💡Support your explanations with practical examples from case studies or real-life organisations to show application of theory, which is highly valued in vocationally-related qualifications.
    • 💡For communication methods, compare their strengths and weaknesses in context; e.g., EDI is accurate but costly to set up, whereas email is flexible but can lead to miscommunication.
    • 💡In discussing inter-relations, use cause-and-effect chains: for instance, a breakdown in supplier communication leads to production halts, which delays outbound logistics and harms customer service.
    • 💡When answering assignment questions, always contextualise your knowledge with practical examples from port or shipping environments to demonstrate applied understanding.
    • 💡Use simple diagrams or flowcharts in your evidence to visually represent supply chain links, roles, and processes, ensuring they are clearly labelled and referenced.
    • 💡Differentiate explicitly between the roles of organisations by highlighting their primary functions (e.g., a customs agent handles clearance, a port authority manages infrastructure).
    • 💡Reference specific industry-relevant communication technologies (e.g., ‘Port Community System’, ‘container tracking via IoT’) to show awareness of current practices.
    • 💡When answering assessment questions, always relate theoretical concepts to practical scenarios in warehousing and logistics, using concrete examples to illustrate points.
    • 💡For elements on communication methods, compare at least two methods in depth, discussing their strengths and weaknesses in a given supply chain context.
    • 💡Ensure your evidence clearly maps the inter-relations between functions; use diagrams or flowcharts where appropriate to demonstrate understanding of cause-and-effect linkages.
    • 💡When answering on supply chain characteristics, always relate your examples to a real industry (e.g., automotive, food retail) to demonstrate contextual understanding and achieve higher marks.
    • 💡For roles of other organisations, structure your response using a clear framework: name the organisation, its primary function, upstream/downstream links, and a specific contribution to the chain.
    • 💡Use a case study or diagram in your assessment to visually map key functions and their inter-relations, annotating how a delay in procurement can cascade to affect production and customer delivery.
    • 💡When answering assessment questions, always support your explanations with practical, real-world examples (e.g., a supermarket supply chain) to demonstrate applied understanding.
    • 💡Use clear, labelled diagrams to illustrate supply chain structures and flows; these can often gain marks even if written descriptions are brief.
    • 💡Remember to refer to communication methods by name and give specific contexts where they are used; avoid vague statements like 'they communicate'.
    • 💡In coursework, explicitly link the key functions (plan, source, make, deliver, return) to the roles of organisations, showing how inter-relations create value.
    • 💡Use a clear diagram to illustrate the supply chain, labelling each stage and showing flows of products, information, and payments—this demonstrates holistic understanding.
    • 💡Always relate theoretical concepts back to warehousing operations, for example explaining how accurate inventory data impacts upstream orders and downstream deliveries.
    • 💡Employ correct industry terminology such as 'upstream', 'downstream', 'lead time', and 'bullwhip effect' to convey professional competence.
    • 💡When discussing communication methods, give concrete examples (e.g., 'EDI is used to transmit purchase orders automatically') rather than generic statements.
    • 💡When answering assignment questions, always relate theory to a real-world or case study example to demonstrate applied understanding.
    • 💡Use diagrams to illustrate supply chain links and functions, as this can earn additional marks and clarify your explanation.
    • 💡Ensure you can differentiate between the roles of organisations by providing specific examples of what each contributes.
    • 💡Connect each function explicitly when discussing inter-relations; for instance, explain how poor demand forecasting leads to inventory stockouts and impacts transport scheduling.
    • 💡Use diagrams to illustrate supply chain links and flows where possible, as visual representation can earn additional marks.
    • 💡Relate theoretical concepts to real-world examples, such as a familiar product's journey from source to store.
    • 💡When discussing inter-relations, always consider the impact on overall supply chain efficiency and customer satisfaction.
    • 💡In assignment work, reference specific communication tools (e.g., EDI, ERP) to demonstrate applied knowledge.
    • 💡Use a real-world example, such as a supermarket or automotive supply chain, to illustrate linkages and roles clearly.
    • 💡When explaining organisation roles, specify how each contributes to the overall chain, rather than just naming them.
    • 💡For communication methods, mention both internal systems (e.g., WMS) and external ones (e.g., EDI) and explain when each is used.
    • 💡Always link functions together, showing interdependence (e.g., how poor warehouse management can disrupt distribution), rather than describing them in isolation.
    • 💡Use practical examples, such as a simple supply chain for a familiar product (e.g., a loaf of bread or a smartphone), to illustrate concepts clearly.
    • 💡Draw and label diagrams to show the interconnections between different functions and organisations; this can help demonstrate understanding in assessments.
    • 💡For communication methods, relate them to real-world scenarios (e.g., how a warehouse communicates stock levels to a retailer).
    • 💡Ensure you can explain not just what each function does, but how it affects others; this shows higher-level understanding.
    • 💡Use real-world examples to illustrate concepts. For instance, explain how a supermarket manages fresh produce supply chains to reduce waste. This shows applied understanding.
    • 💡Define key terms precisely. Examiners look for accurate use of vocabulary like 'lead time', 'bullwhip effect', and 'cross-docking'. Avoid vague descriptions.
    • 💡Link different parts of the supply chain. Show how a delay in procurement affects warehousing and customer delivery. Demonstrating interconnectedness earns higher marks.

    Common Mistakes

    Common errors to avoid in your coursework

    • Confining supply chain understanding to logistics or transportation only, ignoring procurement, production, and returns processes.
    • Describing communication methods without linking them to specific supply chain activities or partners (e.g., stating 'telephone' without context).
    • Treating the supply chain as a linear, one-way flow, neglecting reverse logistics and feedback loops.
    • Overlooking the role of information flow as a critical enabler, assuming physical movement can occur without data exchange.
    • Confusing the scope of logistics (storage and movement) with the broader concept of supply chain management, which includes coordination and collaboration across multiple organisations.
    • Failing to recognise the importance of reverse logistics and returns management as integral parts of the supply chain, often overlooking environmental and cost implications.
    • Assuming that communication in supply chains is solely about technology, neglecting the role of interpersonal communication, relationship management, and informal information sharing.
    • Listing supply chain functions without explaining their inter-relations, such as how poor demand forecasting directly impacts procurement and inventory levels.
    • Confusing logistics (physical movement and storage) with the broader supply chain concept, which includes information and financial flows and multiple organisations.
    • Omitting or undervaluing the role of information flow and technology, focusing only on physical movement of goods.
    • Mixing up the responsibilities of a freight forwarder (arranging transport) and a shipping line (providing vessel capacity), or treating them as interchangeable.
    • Failing to recognise that communication methods are not limited to verbal exchanges; neglecting digital systems like EDI, port community systems, or GPS tracking.
    • Confusing the supply chain with a simple linear process; learners often overlook the complex, network-like interdependencies and the impact of reverse logistics.
    • Assuming communication is solely about order placement; failing to recognise the strategic role of real-time data sharing in mitigating disruptions.
    • Misunderstanding the distinction between direct and indirect participants; for example, not appreciating how third-party logistics providers (3PLs) integrate into the chain.
    • Confusing the direction of material and information flows, leading to incorrect assumptions about the role of intermediaries such as distributors.
    • Viewing the supply chain as a simple, linear sequence without recognising reverse logistics, returns processes, or circular economy principles.
    • Overlooking the importance of informal communication methods (e.g., daily stand-ups, relationship building) in favour of only technology-driven tools, missing the human element in supply chain coordination.
    • Confusing logistics with the broader concept of supply chain management, believing they are interchangeable when logistics is actually a subset focused on the movement and storage of goods.
    • Overlooking the importance of information flow, focusing solely on physical product movement and failing to recognise how data sharing coordinates activities.
    • Assuming that supply chains always consist of linear, sequential steps rather than recognising the complex, networked interactions that occur.
    • Failing to distinguish between internal and external stakeholders, mistakenly treating all supply chain participants as part of the same organisation.
    • Confusing supply chain management with logistics, treating them as interchangeable when logistics is a subset of the broader supply chain.
    • Overlooking the importance of information flow, focusing solely on physical movement of goods and neglecting data exchange.
    • Failing to recognise the role of reverse logistics and returns management within the supply chain, viewing the chain as strictly linear.
    • Assuming communication happens only through formal channels, ignoring informal coordination and the human element in supply chain relationships.
    • Confusing 'supply chain' with 'logistics', assuming they are synonymous rather than logistics being a subset of supply chain management.
    • Overlooking the significance of information and financial flows, focusing solely on physical goods movement.
    • Failing to consider reverse logistics (returns, recycling) as part of the supply chain.
    • Assuming that communication within a supply chain is only digital, neglecting the role of personal relationships and meetings.
    • Confusing the roles of wholesalers and retailers in the supply chain.
    • Overlooking the role of information flow, focusing only on the physical movement of goods.
    • Assuming that communication is only about technology, neglecting interpersonal and organisational methods.
    • Failing to recognise that supply chain functions are interdependent, leading to isolated analysis.
    • Confusing the physical flow of goods with the flow of information or finances.
    • Failing to distinguish between different communication methods, such as EDI, email, and real-time tracking systems.
    • Assuming all organisations in a supply chain have equal influence or direct relationships, rather than recognising tiers of suppliers and customers.
    • Overlooking the role of reverse logistics or returns processes as part of the supply chain.
    • Confusing the term 'supply chain' with 'logistics', failing to capture the wider network of organisations and processes.
    • Overlooking the importance of information flow and focusing solely on the physical movement of products.
    • Assuming that communication in a supply chain is always formal and neglecting informal or digital channels.
    • Misidentifying roles, e.g., thinking a retailer is the final customer rather than an intermediary.
    • Misconception: Supply chain is just about moving boxes. Correction: It also involves planning, procurement, risk management, and data analysis. Every link in the chain requires strategic decision-making.
    • Misconception: Inventory is always good to have. Correction: Excess inventory ties up capital and increases storage costs. Lean principles aim to minimise waste while maintaining service levels.
    • Misconception: Faster transportation is always better. Correction: Speed often comes at a higher cost. The best mode balances cost, reliability, and customer requirements.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Common questions students ask about this topic

    Before You Start

    Prior knowledge that will help with this topic

    • •Basic understanding of business operations (e.g., how products reach customers).
    • •Familiarity with common logistics terms (e.g., supplier, distributor, retailer).
    • •No formal prerequisites, but an interest in how goods move globally is helpful.

    Key Terminology

    Essential terms to know

    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • 1.Understand the characteristics and links within a Supply Chain2.Understand the roles of other organisations in the supply chain3.Understand the communication methods used within a supply chain4.Understand the key functions and inter-relations of a typical supply chain
    • Supply chain network structure and flows
    • Inter-organisational roles and collaboration
    • Communication methods and information sharing
    • Functional integration and inter-relations
    • Supply Chain Linkages and Flows
    • Organisational Roles and Responsibilities
    • Communication Strategies in Logistics
    • Functional Interdependencies in Operations
    • Supply chain structure and flow
    • Organisational roles and relationships
    • Information and communication systems
    • Functional integration and coordination

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