The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table are called the noble gases.

The idea

The elements in Group 0, located at the far right of the periodic table, are known as the noble gases. This group contains helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. These elements are remarkably unreactive non-metals because their atoms have stable, full outer electron shells, meaning they do not easily gain, lose or share electrons. For example, argon is used in filament lamps because it does not react with the hot tungsten wire, and helium fills party balloons because it is less dense than air and unreactive. Exam questions frequently ask students to identify a noble gas from its position on the periodic table or to explain their lack of reactivity using electron configuration.

What earns the marks

• Group 0 is the final column on the right of the periodic table and contains the noble gases.
• The noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
• The unreactive nature of noble gases is directly linked to their stable electron configuration, featuring full outer electron shells.
• Noble gases are non-metals and exist as single atoms rather than diatomic molecules.
• Group 18 is the modern IUPAC numbering, but Group 0 is the accepted AQA term.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Writing that Group 18 is an older term.

  Put it right: Group 18 is the modern IUPAC standard, though Group 0 is used in this specification.

• Confusing noble gases with alkali metals.

  Put it right: Alkali metals are Group 1 and are highly reactive, whereas noble gases are unreactive.

• Stating that noble gases do not exist in the atmosphere.

  Put it right: Argon, neon and helium are present in small amounts in air.

Exam tips

• When asked to name a noble gas, give the element name rather than the group number.
• If a question asks why Group 0 is on the right, refer to full outer shells and stability.