This study area examines the external factors that shape business decision-making, performance, and strategic direction. Students explore how businesses operate within dynamic environments influenced by technological advancement, economic conditions, legislative frameworks, competitive pressures, and societal expectations. The scope encompasses both micro-environmental factors (immediate competitive landscape) and macro-environmental factors (broader economic, political, social, technological, legal, and environmental forces). Understanding these influences enables students to analyze how businesses adapt, respond to change, and maintain competitive advantage in local, national, and global markets.
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