Influences on business — OCR GCSE Business

Influences on business is a key topic in OCR GCSE Business that explores the external factors shaping how businesses operate and make decisions. This topic covers the dynamic business environment, including technological, ethical, environmental, economic, and global influences. Understanding these influences is crucial because businesses must constantly adapt to survive and thrive. For example, a rise in interest rates can increase borrowing costs, affecting investment decisions, while new technology can revolutionise production methods and customer engagement.

This topic also examines how businesses respond to stakeholder pressures, such as customers demanding ethical sourcing or governments enforcing environmental regulations. Students learn to analyse the impact of these influences on business objectives, strategies, and performance. Mastery of this topic enables students to evaluate real-world business scenarios, such as why a company might choose to use sustainable materials despite higher costs, or how a recession can force a business to change its pricing strategy.

Influences on business connects directly to other parts of the GCSE course, such as marketing, finance, and operations. For instance, understanding economic influences helps students grasp why businesses adjust their marketing mix during a boom or bust. This topic also builds a foundation for A-level Business, where external influences are explored in greater depth. By the end of this topic, students should be able to identify and explain how different factors affect business decision-making and success.

• →Stakeholders: Individuals or groups with an interest in a business's activities, including owners, employees, customers, suppliers, and the local community. Their interests often conflict, e.g., shareholders want high profits while employees want higher wages.
• →Ethical and environmental influences: Ethical considerations include fair trade, animal testing, and paying fair wages. Environmental concerns involve reducing waste, carbon emissions, and using sustainable resources. These can affect a business's reputation and costs.
• →Economic influences: Factors such as interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, and unemployment. For example, high interest rates increase loan costs, reducing business investment and consumer spending.
• →Globalisation: The increasing interconnectedness of economies, leading to opportunities like access to new markets and cheaper labour, but also threats like increased competition and cultural differences.
• →Technology: Advances in automation, AI, and e-commerce can improve efficiency and customer reach but require investment and can lead to job losses.

• Understanding of ethical considerations (treatment of workers/suppliers/customers, sourcing of materials, marketing decisions)
• Understanding of environmental considerations (sustainability, waste disposal, pollution, climate change)
• Impact of the economic climate (changing levels of consumer income and unemployment)
• Understanding of globalisation (concept, growth of multinational companies, influences on business location, international branding, international competition)

• 💡Ensure you can apply knowledge of these external influences to various business contexts.
• 💡Be prepared to discuss how businesses change their strategies in response to these external factors.
• 💡Use quantitative data where appropriate to support your analysis of economic impacts.
• 💡Use real-world examples to illustrate your points. For instance, mention how Apple uses ethical sourcing or how Brexit affected UK businesses. This shows application and deepens your analysis.
• 💡When discussing influences, always consider both positive and negative impacts. For example, globalisation opens new markets but also brings competition. Examiners reward balanced evaluation.
• 💡Link influences to business objectives. If a question asks about the impact of a recession, explain how it might force a business to change its objective from growth to survival, affecting pricing and marketing strategies.

• Misconception: 'Ethical and environmental practices always reduce profits.' Correction: While they can increase costs, they can also boost sales by attracting ethically-minded customers and improving brand loyalty, potentially increasing long-term profits.
• Misconception: 'Globalisation only benefits large multinationals.' Correction: Small businesses can also benefit through exporting or sourcing cheaper materials, though they may face challenges from larger competitors.
• Misconception: 'Technology always reduces costs immediately.' Correction: Initial investment in technology can be high, and staff training is needed. Benefits may take time to materialise, and some technologies may become obsolete quickly.