Question 1

What is the difference between job, batch, and flow production?

Accepted Answer

Job production makes one-off, customised products (e.g., a wedding cake). Batch production makes groups of identical products in stages (e.g., a bakery making 50 loaves of white bread, then 50 of wholemeal). Flow production continuously makes identical products on an assembly line (e.g., a car factory). Job production is flexible but expensive per unit; flow production is cheap per unit but inflexible. Batch production is a middle ground.

Question 2

Why is quality important in business operations?

Accepted Answer

Quality is important because it affects customer satisfaction, brand reputation, and costs. High quality reduces returns and complaints, builds customer loyalty, and allows businesses to charge higher prices. Poor quality leads to wasted materials, rework, and lost sales. In operations, quality can be achieved through quality control (inspecting products) or quality assurance (preventing defects).

Question 3

How does lean production help a business?

Accepted Answer

Lean production helps a business by reducing waste, lowering costs, and improving efficiency. Techniques like just-in-time (JIT) inventory mean the business holds less stock, saving storage costs and reducing the risk of obsolescence. Kaizen (continuous improvement) involves all employees in small, incremental changes that boost productivity. This makes the business more competitive and able to respond quickly to customer needs.

Question 4

What is the role of customer service in operations?

Accepted Answer

Customer service is part of operations because it involves the processes that support customers before, during, and after a purchase. Good customer service, such as fast responses to queries or easy returns, builds trust and encourages repeat business. It can also differentiate a business from competitors. Poor service leads to negative reviews and lost customers. Operations managers must ensure staff are trained and systems are efficient.

Question 5

How does technology improve business operations?

Accepted Answer

Technology improves operations by automating tasks, increasing speed, and reducing errors. For example, computer-aided design (CAD) helps design products quickly, while computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) controls machines precisely. E-commerce systems streamline ordering and payment. Technology also enables better inventory management (e.g., barcode scanners) and communication with suppliers. This leads to lower costs and higher quality.

Question 6

What is the supply chain and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The supply chain is the network of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers involved in producing and delivering a product. It is important because disruptions (e.g., a supplier delay) can halt production and lose sales. Effective supply chain management ensures materials arrive on time, costs are controlled, and products reach customers quickly. Businesses often build strong relationships with key suppliers to reduce risks.

Business operations

Topic Overview

Key Concepts

What You Need to Demonstrate

Marking Points

Examiner Tips

Common Mistakes

Frequently Asked Questions

Before You Start

Study Guide Available

Likely Command Words

Ready to test yourself?

Related Topics in WJEC GCSE Business

Business activity

Finance

Human resources

Influences on business

How to Revise Business operations — WJEC GCSE Business

Examiner Tips for Business operations

Common Mistakes in Business operations

Key Marking Points