Desktop Publishing Software — City & Guilds Limited End-Point Assessment Digital Skills & IT Revision

    This topic focuses on using desktop publishing software to create professional publications. It covers selecting layouts, combining text and images, and us

    Topic Synopsis

    This topic focuses on using desktop publishing software to create professional publications. It covers selecting layouts, combining text and images, and using editing techniques to format documents.

    Key Concepts & Core Principles

    Exam Tips & Revision Strategies

    Common Misconceptions & Mistakes to Avoid

    Examiner Marking Points

    Desktop Publishing Software

    CITY & GUILDS LIMITED
    vocational

    This element covers the fundamental skills required to produce professional-quality publications using desktop publishing (DTP) software. Learners will explore how to select and apply appropriate design principles, integrate text and other media, and utilise formatting tools to create effective layouts for a range of purposes, such as flyers, newsletters, and reports. Mastery of these techniques ensures publications are visually coherent, fit for purpose, and meet organisational or client requirements.

    14
    Learning Outcomes
    48
    Assessment Guidance
    51
    Key Skills
    14
    Key Terms
    52
    Assessment Criteria

    Assessment criteria

    City & Guilds Level 2 Diploma in IT User Skills
    City & Guilds Level 2 Diploma for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 3 Diploma in IT User Skills
    City & Guilds Level 2 Award for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 3 Award for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 3 Certificate for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 3 Diploma for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 2 Certificate for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 1 Diploma for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 1 Certificate for IT Users (ITQ)
    City & Guilds Level 1 Award for IT Users - (ITQ)

    Topic Overview

    The City & Guilds Level 2 Certificate for IT Users (ITQ) is a vocational qualification designed to equip learners with practical IT skills essential for the modern workplace. It covers a broad range of digital competencies, from word processing and spreadsheets to using presentation software and improving productivity. This qualification is ideal for students who want to demonstrate their ability to use IT effectively in a business environment, whether for administrative roles, customer service, or further study.

    The ITQ is structured around mandatory and optional units, allowing students to tailor their learning to specific interests or career paths. Core units include 'Improving Productivity Using IT' and 'Using Word Processing Software', while optional units cover areas like spreadsheets, databases, presentation software, and web design. The qualification emphasises practical application, requiring students to complete tasks that mirror real-world scenarios, such as creating business documents, analysing data, and delivering presentations.

    Achieving this certificate is valuable because it is recognised by employers across various industries as proof of competent IT skills. It also provides a solid foundation for progression to higher-level IT qualifications, such as the Level 3 Diploma for IT Users or specialised certifications in areas like digital marketing or data analytics. By mastering the ITQ, students not only enhance their employability but also develop transferable skills like problem-solving, time management, and attention to detail.

    Key Concepts

    Core ideas you must understand for this topic

    • →Improving Productivity Using IT: Understanding how to plan, select, and use appropriate IT tools to complete tasks efficiently, including file management, using templates, and automating repetitive tasks.
    • →Word Processing: Creating, formatting, and editing professional documents such as letters, reports, and newsletters, using features like styles, tables, mail merge, and track changes.
    • →Spreadsheets: Using formulas, functions (e.g., SUM, IF, VLOOKUP), charts, and data validation to organise, analyse, and present numerical data accurately.
    • →Presentation Software: Designing effective slides with consistent themes, animations, transitions, and multimedia elements to communicate information clearly to an audience.
    • →Database Concepts: Understanding tables, queries, forms, and reports to store, retrieve, and manage structured data, including sorting and filtering records.

    Learning Objectives

    What you need to know and understand

    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • DTPE:1 Use appropriate designs and page layouts for a publication, DTPE:2 Input text and other information into a publication, DTPE:3 Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format a publication
    • DTPE:1 Use appropriate designs and page layouts for a publication, DTPE:2 Input text and other information into a publication, DTPE:3 Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format a publication
    • DTPE:1 Use appropriate designs and page layouts for a publication, DTPE:2 Input text and other information into a publication, DTPE:3 Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format a publication
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications

    Assessment Criteria

    Key criteria assessors look for in your portfolio

    • Award credit for demonstrating the selection of a design template or page layout that aligns with the publication's purpose and audience.
    • Award credit for accurately importing, placing, and aligning text and images, ensuring seamless integration within the publication.
    • Award credit for applying consistent formatting, such as font styles, paragraph spacing, and colour schemes, to maintain a professional appearance.
    • Award credit for using advanced DTP techniques like text wrapping, layering, and master pages to enhance layout structure and efficiency.
    • Award credit for proofreading and editing publications to eliminate errors and ensure content accuracy before final output.
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to select a design appropriate for the publication’s purpose and audience, justifying choices made.
    • Award credit for combining text and images from multiple sources while maintaining consistent formatting and alignment.
    • Award credit for using advanced formatting techniques such as text wrapping, columns, and style settings to improve document structure.
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to select a design template or create a custom layout that aligns with the intended purpose (e.g., corporate branding for a business report, eye-catching layout for a flyer) and justifies design choices based on audience needs.
    • Evidence should show proficient input of text from various sources (e.g., word processor, web) and combination with other information like images, charts, or tables, including appropriate text wrap and alignment settings.
    • Look for consistent application of formatting techniques such as style sheets for character and paragraph formatting, use of colour swatches for brand consistency, and precise control over kerning and leading.
    • Credit utilization of advanced desktop publishing features like layers, text threading, and custom typography to enhance readability and visual impact.
    • Award credit for selecting a layout that is clearly appropriate to the publication's purpose, target audience, and intended distribution method (print or digital).
    • Evidence must demonstrate accurate importation, positioning, and alignment of text and images, including resizing and cropping to fit the design without distortion.
    • Credit is given for consistent application of formatting techniques: appropriate font choices, effective use of white space, accurate alignment of columns, and correct application of styles and master pages to ensure a professional finish.
    • Award credit for selecting a publication design that clearly aligns with its intended purpose, audience, and the client brief, with justification for layout choices.
    • Recognise accurate input of text and integration of images, tables, or graphics, demonstrating error-free data entry and appropriate file handling.
    • Credit use of software techniques such as master pages, style sheets, text wrapping, alignment tools, and colour management to format the publication consistently.
    • Expect evidence of editing and refinement, including spell-checking, proofreading, and adjusting layout based on feedback or design principles.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a clear rationale behind design choices, linking layout and formatting to the target audience and purpose.
    • Expect evidence of consistent use of master pages, style sheets, or templates to ensure uniformity across multi-page publications.
    • Assess for accurate integration of text and graphic elements, including appropriate text wrapping, cropping, and alignment with no overlapping artefacts.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a clear rationale behind the choice of layout and design elements, such as font styles, colour schemes, and grid structures, tailored to the publication’s purpose and audience.
    • Award credit for accurately placing and linking text frames and image placeholders from various sources (e.g., Word documents, image files) and maintaining consistency through the use of master pages and style guides.
    • Award credit for applying advanced editing and formatting techniques, including kerning, text wrap, layers, and precise alignment tools, to achieve a professional finish without manual workarounds.
    • Select appropriate page layouts and designs for the intended audience.
    • Input and combine text, images, and other elements correctly.
    • Use software tools to edit and format text and graphics.
    • Ensure consistency and accuracy in the final publication.
    • Award credit for demonstrating selection of appropriate page orientation, size, and margin settings based on the publication type (e.g., A4 portrait for a flyer, landscape for a brochure).
    • Award credit for inputting text accurately from a given source, with evidence of spell check use and manual proofreading to eliminate errors.
    • Award credit for inserting and resizing images or other graphical elements, ensuring they are placed and aligned appropriately within the layout.
    • Award credit for applying formatting techniques such as consistent font styles, text wrapping around images, and use of columns to create a clear visual hierarchy.
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to select and apply a suitable page layout and design theme (e.g., orientation, columns, margins) that aligns with the purpose and audience of the publication, as per DTPE:1.
    • Evidence of accurate text entry and importation of other information (e.g., images, tables) from specified sources, with correct placement and no missing content, in line with DTPE:2.
    • Assess effective use of editing and formatting tools such as font styles, alignment, spacing, colour, and graphic manipulation to enhance readability and visual impact, fulfilling DTPE:3.
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to select a suitable template or create a custom layout that aligns with the purpose and audience of the publication (e.g., newsletter, flyer, brochure).
    • Award credit for accurate and efficient input of text from various sources (e.g., typing, copying, importing) and appropriate placement of images or other media within the layout.
    • Award credit for applying consistent formatting techniques such as font styles, alignment, spacing, and the use of text wrapping around images to enhance readability and visual appeal.
    • Award credit for evidence of editing skills, such as resizing, cropping, or positioning images, and adjusting text frames to avoid overflow or gaps.
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to choose a template or create a layout that aligns with the publication’s purpose and audience.
    • Look for accurate insertion and combination of text from external sources, with evidence of correct placement within text frames or boxes.
    • Assess formatting skills such as consistent use of fonts, appropriate text alignment, application of line spacing, and precise cropping or resizing of images.
    • Verify that the final publication is saved in a suitable file format and adheres to specified page dimensions and orientation.
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to select a pre-defined template or create a basic page layout that matches the publication’s purpose and audience.
    • Look for evidence of accurately inputting and positioning text using text boxes or frames, including the ability to modify font type, size, and alignment.
    • Assess the learner’s skill in inserting and combining other elements—such as images, shapes, or simple graphics—and resizing or moving them within the publication without distorting content.
    • Credit effective use of basic formatting tools, such as bullet points, borders, shading, or line spacing, to enhance readability and visual appeal.
    • Award credit for evidence of selecting a template or layout appropriate to the publication purpose (e.g., newsletter, flyer, poster).
    • Award credit for demonstrating the ability to import and position text and images from external sources.
    • Award credit for applying basic formatting such as font changes, alignment, and text wrapping around images.
    • Award credit for proof-reading and correcting typographical errors before final output.

    Assessment Guidance

    Guidance for achieving higher grades

    • 💡Always begin by analysing the brief or scenario to identify the publication’s target audience and purpose before selecting a design approach.
    • 💡Utilise master pages or style sheets to ensure uniformity throughout multi-page documents and reduce manual formatting errors.
    • 💡Practice using placeholder or dummy text and images when setting up layouts to avoid wasting time on content that might change.
    • 💡Pay close attention to assessment grading criteria, particularly on formatting consistency and the accurate integration of different media types.
    • 💡Show evidence of iterative development by saving versions of your publication, demonstrating refinement from initial draft to final output.
    • 💡Always assess the target audience and purpose before selecting a design; this ensures the publication meets its intended goal.
    • 💡Use master pages and style sheets to maintain consistency throughout multi-page documents, saving time and improving professional appearance.
    • 💡Always begin by analysing the purpose and target audience of the publication, and plan the layout on paper before using the software.
    • 💡Use master pages and style sheets to ensure consistency and efficiency, especially for multi-page documents like newsletters or reports.
    • 💡Pay close attention to typography and colour theory; limit your colour palette to 2-3 complementary colours and use font pairing guidelines.
    • 💡Provide evidence of editing and refinement by showing version history or 'before and after' screenshots in your portfolio.
    • 💡Proofread all content carefully and get peer feedback to catch errors and improve design effectiveness.
    • 💡Always plan your publication on paper first, sketching a rough layout and content hierarchy to guide your software work and save time.
    • 💡Use master pages and style sheets to maintain consistency across pages, which demonstrates advanced proficiency and saves effort in editing.
    • 💡Check all alignments using the software's built-in alignment and distribution tools rather than relying on visual guesswork to achieve a polished, professional result.
    • 💡Always start by analysing the client brief to identify key requirements, then plan your design and layout before touching the software.
    • 💡Use master pages and style sets to maintain consistency across multi-page documents—assessors look for evidence of efficient workflow.
    • 💡After inputting text and other information, review all content for accuracy and completeness, and ensure all images are correctly sourced and captioned if required.
    • 💡When editing, pay close attention to alignment, white space, and visual hierarchy; these demonstrate a refined command of desktop publishing techniques.
    • 💡When justifying design decisions in assessments, always refer back to the publication’s purpose and target audience.
    • 💡For practical tasks, first set up document grids, guides, and master pages to save time and ensure consistency.
    • 💡Always begin by analysing the target audience and purpose; sketch a rough layout before working digitally to ensure logical structure.
    • 💡Utilise non-printing guides, master pages, and paragraph styles consistently to speed up formatting and ensure uniformity across multi-page documents.
    • 💡Present evidence of iterative development, including annotated screenshots showing the use of specific tools (e.g., tracking changes, style application), as this demonstrates competence and can secure higher marks.
    • 💡Practice using templates to save time.
    • 💡Check alignment and spacing carefully before finalising.
    • 💡Know the key features of your chosen DTP software.
    • 💡Always review the assignment brief before submitting to ensure all required elements—such as logos, specific text, and design requirements—are included.
    • 💡Utilise the software’s alignment and distribution tools to precisely position elements rather than relying on visual judgment alone.
    • 💡Print a draft copy or use print preview to check for layout issues, text cut-offs, or colour variations before finalising the publication.
    • 💡Always read the assignment brief carefully to identify the target audience and purpose, then justify your design choices in your evidence.
    • 💡Double-check all imported text and images for accuracy and correct placement before finalising your publication.
    • 💡Use style guides or pre-set formatting options to maintain consistency and save time; however, ensure you demonstrate manual adjustments as required by the criteria.
    • 💡Before starting, carefully read the assignment brief to understand the target audience and purpose, which will guide layout and design choices.
    • 💡Use the software's grid, guide, and alignment tools to ensure elements are precisely positioned, giving the publication a polished and professional look.
    • 💡Always proofread the final document to catch spelling or grammatical errors, as presentation quality is assessed; consider using the software's spell-check feature.
    • 💡Save drafts incrementally and keep a master copy to demonstrate the development process, which can support evidence of iterative editing.
    • 💡Always preview your publication before finalising to catch layout issues like overlapping objects or text cut-offs.
    • 💡Stick closely to the assignment brief or client requirements; assessors are looking for evidence that you can follow instructions and produce exactly what is asked for.
    • 💡If you are asked to edit a pre-existing document, keep the original file intact and work on a copy to avoid irreversible mistakes.
    • 💡Always preview your publication before submission to check layout, alignment, and text overflow—use print preview as if it were going to a real client.
    • 💡Plan a rough sketch of the layout on paper first; this saves time and helps maintain a consistent design throughout.
    • 💡Use gridlines, guides, or snap-to-grid features to align elements precisely, demonstrating attention to detail.
    • 💡Save your work regularly in an editable format and back up a final version, as assessors may need to see the developmental process.
    • 💡Always read the assignment brief carefully to identify the target audience and purpose before selecting a design.
    • 💡Use the software’s ruler and grid guides to maintain alignment and consistency across the layout.
    • 💡Keep formatting simple and consistent; one or two fonts and a limited colour palette are sufficient for most Level 1 tasks.
    • 💡Submit a test print or digital preview to check for layout errors that may not be obvious on screen.
    • 💡Always check the assessment criteria carefully. Each task in the ITQ exam is linked to specific learning outcomes, so ensure your work demonstrates exactly what is asked, such as using a particular feature or formatting style.
    • 💡Save your work regularly and use clear file names. Examiners look for evidence of good file management, so organise your folders logically and avoid generic names like 'Document1'.
    • 💡In spreadsheet tasks, show your formulas rather than just the results. Use cell references instead of typing numbers directly into formulas, as this demonstrates understanding of relative and absolute referencing.

    Common Mistakes

    Common errors to avoid in your coursework

    • Selecting a design that is inconsistent with the publication’s purpose, e.g., using a playful template for a formal business report.
    • Poor image and text alignment, resulting in cluttered or unprofessional layouts that do not follow a grid system.
    • Overuse of fonts, colours, and effects, which can make the publication visually chaotic and hard to read.
    • Neglecting to check for overlapping objects or hidden text in print preview, leading to unexpected results when printed.
    • Ignoring accessibility guidelines, such as insufficient contrast between text and background or lacking alternative text for images.
    • Overuse of decorative elements that clutter the page and distract from the content.
    • Inconsistent use of fonts and colours, leading to a disjointed appearance.
    • Scaling images disproportionately, resulting in distorted graphics.
    • Using too many different fonts and sizes, resulting in a cluttered and unprofessional appearance.
    • Neglecting to set appropriate margins and bleeds, leading to content being cut off during printing.
    • Inserting images without considering resolution or file format, causing pixelation or large file sizes.
    • Overlooking consistency in spacing, alignment, and colour usage across the publication.
    • Failing to proofread text for accuracy and appropriate flow when importing from external sources.
    • Learners often use excessive font types and sizes within a single publication, resulting in a cluttered and unprofessional appearance.
    • A frequent error is failing to check for text overflow in text boxes or frames, leading to missing content in the final output.
    • Many learners overlook the importance of print-specific settings such as margins, bleeds, and image resolution, causing quality issues when printed.
    • Choosing a design template without considering the target audience or the publication's objective, resulting in an inappropriate visual style.
    • Inconsistent formatting, such as mixing fonts, sizes, or spacing without a coherent scheme, which undermines the professional appearance.
    • Placing images or text boxes arbitrarily without using alignment or distribution tools, leading to a cluttered and unorganised layout.
    • Overlooking the need to proofread text content, leaving spelling or grammatical errors that detract from the publication's credibility.
    • Students often use excessive fonts and colours, compromising readability and professional appearance.
    • A common error is failing to check for orphaned headings or widowed text lines, leading to poorly balanced pages.
    • Many learners overlook the importance of proofing text within the software for spelling and grammar errors before final output.
    • Relying on default templates without customisation, leading to generic publications that fail to meet specific brief requirements.
    • Failing to link or embed assets correctly, resulting in missing images or broken links when the file is opened on another device.
    • Overlooking print-specific considerations such as bleed, crop marks, and colour mode (RGB vs CMYK), causing undesired results in final output.
    • Overcomplicating designs with too many fonts or colours.
    • Not aligning objects properly, leading to untidy layouts.
    • Forgetting to proofread for spelling or formatting errors.
    • Using too many different fonts, sizes, or colours, resulting in an inconsistent and unprofessional design.
    • Placing images without adjusting text wrap settings, leading to awkward text flow or overlapping elements.
    • Overcrowding the page with excessive content or graphics, making the publication difficult to read and visually unappealing.
    • Failing to proofread text thoroughly, leaving spelling or grammatical errors in the final output.
    • Choosing a template or layout that does not suit the publication's purpose, e.g., using a single-column layout for a newsletter when a multi-column layout is required.
    • Inaccurate text input or omission of key information due to rushing the data entry stage, leading to incomplete publications.
    • Over-formatting with excessive fonts, colours, or effects, which detracts from professionalism and readability.
    • Students often use too many different fonts and colours, leading to a cluttered and unprofessional design that fails to meet the intended purpose.
    • A common error is neglecting to check that text boxes are properly aligned and sized, causing text overflow, cut-off content, or awkward white space.
    • Students may import low-resolution images that appear pixelated when printed, not understanding the importance of image resolution for output quality.
    • Forgetting to save work in the correct file format or not backing up files, risking loss of work and inability to meet submission requirements.
    • Using overly complex or inappropriate design elements (e.g., too many fonts or colours) that detract from readability and professional appearance.
    • Forgetting to check text overflow, resulting in hidden or missing content when the publication is viewed or printed.
    • Misalignment of text and images, such as failing to use grids, guides, or alignment tools, leading to an unpolished final product.
    • Using too many different fonts or font sizes, leading to a cluttered and unprofessional appearance.
    • Forgetting to check page orientation or margins before designing, resulting in content that does not fit or prints incorrectly.
    • Placing images over text without adjusting wrapping or layering, causing information to be hidden.
    • Neglecting to proofread text for spelling and grammar errors before finalizing the publication.
    • Learners often choose a design that clashes with the publication’s purpose, such as using a formal template for a party invitation.
    • Forgetting to check image resolution before inserting, resulting in pixelated prints.
    • Overuse of fonts and colors making the document look cluttered and unprofessional.
    • Neglecting to align text boxes and images precisely, leading to inconsistent spacing.
    • Misconception: 'Using IT productively just means being fast on the keyboard.' Correction: Productivity involves planning tasks, choosing the right software features, and organising files logically to minimise errors and rework.
    • Misconception: 'Formulas in spreadsheets are too complicated; I can just do calculations manually.' Correction: Manual calculations are time-consuming and error-prone. Learning basic formulas like SUM and AVERAGE saves time and ensures accuracy, especially with large datasets.
    • Misconception: 'Mail merge is only for printing envelopes.' Correction: Mail merge can create personalised letters, emails, labels, and even directories by linking a document to a data source, such as an Excel spreadsheet or Access database.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Common questions students ask about this topic

    Before You Start

    Prior knowledge that will help with this topic

    • •Basic computer literacy, including turning on a computer, using a mouse and keyboard, and opening and closing applications.
    • •Familiarity with common file types (e.g., .docx, .xlsx, .pptx) and the ability to save and retrieve files from different locations.
    • •Understanding of fundamental maths concepts like addition, subtraction, percentages, and averages, as these are used in spreadsheet tasks.

    Key Terminology

    Essential terms to know

    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • DTPE:1 Use appropriate designs and page layouts for a publication, DTPE:2 Input text and other information into a publication, DTPE:3 Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format a publication
    • DTPE:1 Use appropriate designs and page layouts for a publication, DTPE:2 Input text and other information into a publication, DTPE:3 Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format a publication
    • DTPE:1 Use appropriate designs and page layouts for a publication, DTPE:2 Input text and other information into a publication, DTPE:3 Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format a publication
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications
    • Select and use appropriate designs and page layouts for publications, Input and combine text and other information within publications, Use desktop publishing software techniques to edit and format publications

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