Question 1

What is the difference between story and plot in film?

Accepted Answer

Story refers to all events in chronological order, including those implied or not shown. Plot is the specific selection and arrangement of events as presented on screen. For example, in 'Pulp Fiction', the story is linear, but the plot jumps between timelines. Examiners want you to distinguish between them when analysing narrative structure.

Question 2

How do I apply Todorov's theory to a film like 'Tsotsi'?

Accepted Answer

Start by identifying the initial equilibrium: Tsotsi's life of crime in the township. The disruption occurs when he steals a car and discovers a baby. The recognition happens when he begins to care for the baby. The attempt to repair involves his growing humanity and eventual surrender. The new equilibrium is his potential redemption. Use specific scenes to support each stage.

Question 3

What are Propp's character types and how do I use them?

Accepted Answer

Propp identified 7 archetypes: Hero (seeks something), Villain (opposes hero), Donor (provides aid), Helper (assists), Princess (reward), False Hero (pretends to be good), and Dispatcher (sends hero on quest). In 'Star Wars', Luke is the Hero, Vader the Villain, Obi-Wan the Donor, and Leia the Princess. Use them to analyse character functions, but note that modern films often subvert these roles.

Question 4

Can a film have more than one narrative structure?

Accepted Answer

Yes, many films blend structures. For example, 'The Dark Knight' follows a three-act structure but also uses a multi-strand narrative (Batman, Joker, Harvey Dent). Some films combine linear and non-linear elements, like 'Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'. In your essay, identify the dominant structure and discuss how others are layered in.

Question 5

How do I analyse narrative in the exam without retelling the story?

Accepted Answer

Focus on 'how' the narrative is constructed, not 'what' happens. Use terms like 'ellipsis', 'parallel editing', 'flashback', and 'voiceover'. For each point, state the technique, give a brief example, and explain its effect on the audience. For instance, 'The use of a non-diegetic ticking clock sound in Dunkirk creates tension and drives the narrative forward.'

Question 6

What is the importance of the 'inciting incident'?

Accepted Answer

The inciting incident is the event that sets the main story in motion, disrupting the protagonist's normal world. In 'District 9', it's when Wikus is exposed to the alien fluid, triggering his transformation. It's crucial because it establishes the central conflict and hooks the audience. In essays, always identify the inciting incident and explain how it propels the narrative.

Narratives

Topic Overview

Key Concepts

What You Need to Demonstrate

Marking Points

Examiner Tips

Common Mistakes

Frequently Asked Questions

Before You Start

Likely Command Words

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Related Topics in OCR GCSE Film Studies

3D film

Aesthetics

Characters

Cinematography (including lighting)

How to Revise Narratives — OCR GCSE Film Studies

Examiner Tips for Narratives

Common Mistakes in Narratives

Key Marking Points