Question 1

What is the difference between diegetic and non-diegetic sound?

Accepted Answer

Diegetic sound is any sound that originates from within the film's world and can be heard by the characters, such as dialogue, footsteps, or a radio playing. Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only, like background music or a voiceover narrator. For example, in a horror film, the sound of a creaking door is diegetic (characters hear it), but the eerie music that swells as the door opens is non-diegetic. Understanding this distinction helps you analyse how sound creates realism or manipulates emotion.

Question 2

How do I analyse a camera shot in my exam?

Accepted Answer

Start by identifying the shot type (e.g., close-up, long shot) and camera angle (e.g., high, low). Then explain the effect: a close-up often reveals emotion or detail, while a long shot establishes setting. Next, link it to the film's themes or character. For example, a low-angle shot of a villain makes them seem powerful, reinforcing the theme of dominance. Always use precise terminology and avoid saying 'the camera shows'—instead, say 'the low-angle shot positions the audience to look up at the character, creating a sense of awe.'

Question 3

What is mise-en-scène and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

Mise-en-scène is everything you see in the frame: setting, lighting, costume, props, and the arrangement of characters. It's important because every element is a deliberate choice that conveys meaning. For instance, a dimly lit room with cluttered furniture might suggest a character's chaotic mind, while a bright, minimalist space could imply control. In your exam, you should describe specific details (e.g., 'the character wears a red coat, symbolising danger') and explain how they contribute to the film's overall message.

Question 4

How do editing techniques affect the audience?

Accepted Answer

Editing controls the pace and flow of a film, directly influencing how we feel. Fast cuts create excitement or tension, as in action sequences, while long takes can build suspense or allow reflection. A dissolve (a gradual transition) might suggest a passage of time, while a jump cut can disorient the viewer. For example, in a chase scene, rapid cross-cutting between the pursuer and the pursued increases adrenaline. Always consider the rhythm and how it guides your emotional response.

Question 5

What is the rule of thirds in cinematography?

Accepted Answer

The rule of thirds is a composition guideline where the frame is divided into a 3x3 grid. Placing key elements along these lines or at their intersections creates a more balanced and engaging image. For example, a character's eyes might align with the top horizontal line, drawing attention. Filmmakers use this to direct the audience's gaze and create visual interest. Breaking the rule can also be effective, such as placing a character dead centre to convey isolation or power.

Question 6

How do I revise micro-elements effectively?

Accepted Answer

Watch short film clips (2-3 minutes) from your set films and pause to identify each micro-element. Write down the shot types, lighting, editing transitions, and sounds you notice. Then, explain how they create meaning. Create flashcards with key terms and their effects. Practice writing PEEL paragraphs under timed conditions. Finally, compare your analysis with model answers or discuss with classmates to deepen your understanding. Active engagement beats passive reading every time.

The micro-elements of film form

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Related Topics in OCR GCSE Film Studies

3D film

Aesthetics

Characters

Cinematography (including lighting)

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