Verse Set Text Group 4 (2027–28): Homer, Odyssey 22, lines 1–238

Book 22 of Homer's Odyssey, lines 1–238, depicts the climactic slaughter of the suitors in Odysseus' palace. After revealing his identity and winning the archery contest, Odysseus, with Telemachus, Eumaeus, and Philoetius, turns the tables on the suitors who have been consuming his household for years. This passage is a masterclass in epic battle narrative, blending vivid violence with themes of justice, revenge, and divine will. Students must analyse Homer's use of epic conventions (e.g., aristeia, similes, divine intervention) and the moral complexity of the massacre, which raises questions about the legitimacy of Odysseus' vengeance.

This section is pivotal for OCR A-Level Greek because it showcases Homer's narrative techniques and the cultural values of ancient Greece, such as xenia (hospitality) and the hero's code. The passage also tests students' ability to translate and interpret Homeric Greek, with its formulaic language, dialectal forms (e.g., Ionic), and poetic devices. Understanding the structure of the battle—from the initial arrow shot to the final standoff—is essential for essays on characterisation, plot development, and theodicy.

In the wider context of the Odyssey, Book 22 is the culmination of Odysseus' journey home and his restoration of order. It contrasts with earlier books where Odysseus is passive or disguised; here, he is an active warrior. The passage also resonates with themes from the Iliad, such as the brutality of war and the role of the gods (Athena aids Odysseus). For A-Level students, this book is a rich source for comparative analysis with other epic texts and for exploring how Homer balances heroic glory with moral ambiguity.