Britain and Ireland 1791–1921

This topic covers the complex and transformative relationship between Britain and Ireland from 1791 to 1921, a period marked by rebellion, union, famine, and the struggle for independence. It begins with the impact of the French Revolution on Irish politics, leading to the 1798 Rebellion and the subsequent Act of Union in 1800, which created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Students will explore key themes such as Catholic Emancipation, the Great Famine, the rise of nationalism and unionism, the Land War, and the eventual partition of Ireland in 1921. Understanding this period is crucial for grasping the roots of modern Anglo-Irish relations and the ongoing conflict in Northern Ireland.

The topic is significant because it shaped the political and cultural landscape of both islands. It examines how British governance in Ireland evolved from direct rule to devolution and ultimately to partition, highlighting the failure of unionist policies to integrate Ireland fully. The period saw the emergence of key figures like Daniel O'Connell, Charles Stewart Parnell, and Michael Collins, as well as movements such as the Home Rule League, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and the Ulster Volunteer Force. By studying this era, students gain insight into the dynamics of imperialism, nationalism, and sectarianism, which remain relevant in contemporary debates about identity and sovereignty.

Within the wider OCR A-Level History specification, this topic forms part of the 'British Period Studies' and connects to themes of empire, reform, and revolution. It requires students to analyse primary sources, evaluate historiographical interpretations, and construct coherent arguments about causation and consequence. Mastery of this topic not only prepares students for exams but also equips them with a deeper understanding of how historical events continue to influence modern politics in the UK and Ireland.