How do I revise for the source questions in Paper 1?

Practice analysing sources under timed conditions. For each source, ask: What does it show? Who made it? Why? What was happening at the time? Then, link your analysis to the question. Use the 'NOP' method: Nature (type of source), Origin (author, date), Purpose (why it was made). Always explain how the source helps answer the question, not just describe it.

What's the best way to remember dates for the America topic?

Focus on key turning points rather than every date. For example, 1929 (Wall Street Crash), 1933 (New Deal starts), 1941 (US enters WWII), 1954 (Brown v. Board), 1964 (Civil Rights Act), 1968 (MLK assassinated). Create a timeline and test yourself by explaining what happened at each date and why it matters.

Why did appeasement fail to prevent World War Two?

Appeasement failed because it encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive. Each time he got what he wanted (e.g., Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland), he demanded more. By the time Britain and France guaranteed Poland in 1939, Hitler believed they would not fight. Also, appeasement gave Germany time to rearm, making war more destructive.

How do I answer a 12-mark 'how useful' question?

Start by stating the overall usefulness of the source. Then, analyse its content (what it says) and provenance (who, when, why). For each, explain how it helps you understand the topic. Also, consider limitations (bias, missing info). Use the source's context to support your points. End with a conclusion that weighs up usefulness.

What were the main causes of the Great Depression?

The main causes were: 1) Overproduction in factories and farms, leading to falling prices; 2) Uneven wealth distribution, so most people couldn't buy goods; 3) Speculation on the stock market, creating a bubble; 4) Banking failures as people rushed to withdraw savings; 5) The Wall Street Crash of 1929, which shattered confidence and triggered a chain reaction.

How did the New Deal help African Americans?

The New Deal offered relief to all Americans, including African Americans, through jobs (e.g., CCC, WPA) and welfare. However, it also discriminated: many programs were segregated, and the AAA hurt black sharecroppers. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt pushed for fairer treatment, and some New Deal agencies (like the WPA) employed black artists and writers. Overall, it helped but did not end inequality.

Paper 1: Understanding the modern world

AQA

GCSE

Paper 1: Understanding the modern world consists of two sections: Section A (Period studies) and Section B (Wider world depth studies). Section A focuses on the domestic history of one country over a period of at least 50 years, examining two substantial and related developments. Section B focuses on international conflict and tension, investigating complex historical situations and the interplay of different aspects within them.

Objectives

Exam Tips

Pitfalls

Key Terms

Mark Points

Topic Overview

Paper 1: Understanding the modern world is one of two exam papers for AQA GCSE History. It covers two key periods: America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and Inequality, and Conflict and Tension, 1918–1939. The first explores the 'Roaring Twenties', the Great Depression, and the struggle for civil rights in the USA. The second examines the aftermath of World War One, the rise of dictators, and the road to World War Two. Together, these topics help you understand how economic, social, and political forces shape the modern world.

This paper is worth 50% of your GCSE (84 marks, 2 hours). You'll need to analyse sources, explain causation, and evaluate interpretations. It's not just about memorising dates—you must show you can think like a historian. The skills you develop here, like using evidence to support an argument, are valuable for A-levels and beyond.

Understanding this paper is crucial because it explains why the world is as it is today. From the American Dream to the Treaty of Versailles, these events have direct links to current issues like inequality, international relations, and human rights. Mastering this content will give you a solid foundation for understanding modern history.

Key Concepts

Core ideas you must understand for this topic

→Boom and Bust: The economic cycle of rapid growth (1920s) followed by depression (1930s). Understand causes like mass production, credit, and the Wall Street Crash.
→Civil Rights: The struggle for African American equality, from the New Deal to the Civil Rights Act (1964). Key figures: Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks.
→Treaty of Versailles: The peace settlement after WWI. Know its terms (war guilt, reparations, territorial losses) and how it caused resentment in Germany, leading to WWII.
→Appeasement: The policy of giving in to Hitler's demands (e.g., Munich Agreement, 1938). Understand why Britain and France used it and why it failed.
→Causation and Consequence: History is about why events happen and what results from them. Always link causes to effects in your answers.

What You Need to Demonstrate

Key skills and knowledge for this topic

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of key features and characteristics (AO1).
Explain and analyse historical events using second-order concepts: causation, consequence, change, continuity, significance, similarity, and difference (AO2).
Analyse, evaluate, and use sources (contemporary to the period) to make substantiated judgements (AO3).
Analyse, evaluate, and make substantiated judgements about interpretations, including how and why they differ (AO4).
Construct sustained, coherent, and logically structured arguments in extended essay responses.
Spelling, punctuation, and grammar (SPaG) are assessed for accuracy and use of specialist terminology.

Marking Points

Key points examiners look for in your answers

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of key features and characteristics (AO1).
Explain and analyse historical events using second-order concepts: causation, consequence, change, continuity, significance, similarity, and difference (AO2).
Analyse, evaluate, and use sources (contemporary to the period) to make substantiated judgements (AO3).
Analyse, evaluate, and make substantiated judgements about interpretations, including how and why they differ (AO4).
Construct sustained, coherent, and logically structured arguments in extended essay responses.
Spelling, punctuation, and grammar (SPaG) are assessed for accuracy and use of specialist terminology.

Examiner Tips

Expert advice for maximising your marks

💡Ensure you understand the specific requirements for each question type, as they target different assessment objectives.
💡For interpretation questions, focus on the provided ascription and content to explain why views differ, rather than just listing differences.
💡In essay questions, ensure your argument is substantiated with specific, relevant historical evidence.
💡Use the provided time (2 hours) effectively, balancing the 40 marks for each section.
💡When evaluating sources, consider provenance, purpose, and audience alongside the content.
💡Practice writing structured analytical accounts for narrative-based questions.
💡For source questions (e.g., 'How useful is this source?'), always consider the source's content, provenance (who wrote it, when, why), and context. A source can be useful even if it's biased—explain how.
💡For 'write an account' questions (e.g., 'Write an account of how the Civil Rights movement developed'), use a chronological structure but focus on key turning points (e.g., Brown v. Board, Montgomery Bus Boycott, March on Washington).
💡For the 'interpretation' question (e.g., 'Why do historians differ?'), identify the difference in emphasis (e.g., economic vs. social factors) and link it to the historians' perspectives or the evidence they use.

Common Mistakes

Pitfalls to avoid in your exam answers

Failing to address the specific focus of the question (e.g., confusing causation with consequence).
Providing descriptive narrative instead of analytical argument in essay questions.
Neglecting to use contextual knowledge when evaluating sources or interpretations.
Failing to explain why interpretations differ, focusing only on what the differences are.
Inadequate use of specialist historical terminology.
Poor structure in extended responses, leading to a lack of a sustained line of reasoning.
Misconception: The Wall Street Crash alone caused the Great Depression. Correction: It was a trigger, but underlying weaknesses (uneven wealth distribution, overproduction, banking failures) made the crash so damaging.
Misconception: Appeasement was always a bad policy. Correction: At the time, many saw it as a way to avoid war. It only seems foolish with hindsight. You need to explain why it was popular in the 1930s.
Misconception: The New Deal solved the Depression. Correction: It provided relief and reform, but full recovery only came with WWII spending. Unemployment remained high until 1941.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions students ask about this topic

Before You Start

Prior knowledge that will help with this topic

•A basic understanding of World War One (causes, key events, end) is essential for Conflict and Tension.
•For America, knowing about 19th-century US history (Reconstruction, Jim Crow laws) helps understand the context of civil rights.
•General skills: being able to read and interpret sources (e.g., cartoons, speeches) and write structured paragraphs (PEE: Point, Evidence, Explanation).

Likely Command Words

How questions on this topic are typically asked

Explain

Describe

How convincing

How far do you agree

How useful

Write an account

Ready to test yourself?

Practice questions tailored to this topic

Paper 1: Understanding the modern world

Topic Overview

Key Concepts

What You Need to Demonstrate

Marking Points

Examiner Tips

Common Mistakes

Frequently Asked Questions

Before You Start

Likely Command Words

Ready to test yourself?

Related Topics in AQA GCSE History

A revolution in medicine

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and consolidation

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and inequality

American people and the 'Boom'

How to Revise Paper 1: Understanding the modern world — AQA GCSE History

Examiner Tips for Paper 1: Understanding the modern world

Common Mistakes in Paper 1: Understanding the modern world

Key Marking Points

Paper 1: Understanding the modern world

Topic Overview

Key Concepts

What You Need to Demonstrate

Marking Points

Examiner Tips

Common Mistakes

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I revise for the source questions in Paper 1?

What's the best way to remember dates for the America topic?

Why did appeasement fail to prevent World War Two?

How do I answer a 12-mark 'how useful' question?

What were the main causes of the Great Depression?

How did the New Deal help African Americans?

Before You Start

Likely Command Words

Ready to test yourself?

Related Topics in AQA GCSE History

A revolution in medicine

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and consolidation

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and inequality

American people and the 'Boom'