What is the difference between dyslexia and dyspraxia?

Dyslexia primarily affects literacy skills such as reading, writing, and spelling, while dyspraxia (also known as Developmental Coordination Disorder) affects motor coordination, balance, and fine motor skills. However, they often co-occur, and both can impact organisational skills and memory. Dyslexia is linked to phonological processing difficulties, whereas dyspraxia involves challenges with planning and executing movements.

Can dyslexia be cured?

Dyslexia is a lifelong condition and cannot be 'cured', but with appropriate support and strategies, individuals can learn to manage their difficulties effectively. Early intervention, tailored teaching methods, and assistive technologies can significantly improve reading and writing skills. Many dyslexic adults develop compensatory strategies and lead successful lives.

What reasonable adjustments can be made for dyslexic students in exams?

Common reasonable adjustments include extra time (typically 25%), use of a reader or scribe, access to assistive technology (e.g., text-to-speech software), modified exam papers (e.g., larger font, coloured paper), and a separate room to reduce distractions. These adjustments are based on individual needs and must be approved by the exam board.

How is dyslexia diagnosed in the UK?

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment by a qualified professional, such as an educational psychologist or a specialist teacher with a Level 7 qualification in dyslexia. The assessment includes tests of cognitive abilities, phonological awareness, reading accuracy and fluency, spelling, and writing. A formal diagnosis provides a clearer understanding of strengths and weaknesses and can support applications for exam accommodations.

What are the strengths associated with dyslexia?

Many individuals with dyslexia exhibit strengths in creative thinking, problem-solving, spatial awareness, and big-picture thinking. They often have strong verbal communication skills and are adept at seeing patterns and connections. These strengths are linked to differences in brain structure and function, and they can be leveraged in careers such as design, engineering, and entrepreneurship.

Does the Equality Act 2010 apply to schools?

Yes, the Equality Act 2010 applies to all schools in the UK, including maintained schools, academies, and independent schools. It requires schools to make reasonable adjustments for disabled pupils, including those with dyslexia, to ensure they are not at a substantial disadvantage compared to their peers. This includes adjustments to teaching, assessment, and the physical environment.

Dyslexia Awareness

GATEWAY QUALIFICATIONS LIMITED

vocational

This unit provides an awareness of dyslexia, including its definition, diagnosis, impact on individuals, and support strategies. It also covers sources of information for those with dyslexia and their supporters.

Learning Outcomes

Assessment Guidance

Key Skills

Key Terms

Assessment Criteria

Assessment criteria

Gateway Qualifications Level 2 Award In Dyslexia Awareness

Gateway Qualifications Level 1 Award In Dyslexia Awareness

Gateway Qualifications Level 3 Award In Dyslexia Awareness

Topic Overview

The Gateway Qualifications Level 2 Award in Dyslexia Awareness is designed to provide learners with a comprehensive understanding of dyslexia, its characteristics, and the strategies to support individuals with dyslexia in educational and workplace settings. This qualification covers the definition of dyslexia, common myths and misconceptions, the impact of dyslexia on learning and daily life, and the legal frameworks that protect individuals with dyslexia, such as the Equality Act 2010. It also explores practical approaches to creating inclusive environments, including the use of assistive technologies and differentiated instruction.

This award is essential for anyone working or aspiring to work in education, health, or social care, as it equips learners with the knowledge to identify and support dyslexic individuals effectively. By understanding the neurological basis of dyslexia and its associated strengths, such as creativity and problem-solving skills, students can challenge stereotypes and promote a more inclusive society. The qualification also emphasises the importance of early identification and intervention, highlighting how tailored support can significantly improve outcomes for dyslexic learners.

Within the broader context of Learning Support qualifications, this award sits alongside other specialist topics such as autism awareness and mental health support. It provides a foundational understanding that can be built upon with further study, such as the Level 3 Certificate in Supporting Individuals with Dyslexia. MasteryMind recommends this qualification for teaching assistants, SENCOs, and anyone committed to fostering an inclusive learning environment.

Key Concepts

Core ideas you must understand for this topic

→Definition of dyslexia: a specific learning difficulty that primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling, but does not affect intelligence. It is neurological in origin and often involves difficulties with phonological processing, working memory, and processing speed.
→The dyslexia-friendly classroom: strategies such as using coloured overlays, providing extra time for tasks, breaking instructions into smaller steps, and using multi-sensory teaching methods (e.g., visual, auditory, kinaesthetic).
→Legal frameworks: the Equality Act 2010 requires schools and employers to make 'reasonable adjustments' to prevent discrimination against individuals with dyslexia. This includes providing assistive technology, modified materials, and additional support during assessments.
→Co-occurring difficulties: dyslexia often coexists with other conditions such as dyspraxia, dyscalculia, ADHD, and anxiety. Understanding these overlaps is crucial for holistic support.
→Assessment and identification: formal diagnosis involves a comprehensive assessment by an educational psychologist or specialist teacher, including tests of reading, spelling, phonological awareness, and cognitive abilities.

Learning Objectives

What you need to know and understand

Know what is meant by ‘dyslexia’., Know how dyslexia is diagnosed., Know how dyslexia can affect individuals., Know about ways to support the learning of individuals with dyslexia., Know about sources of information for individuals with dyslexia and those supporting them.
Know what is meant by ‘dyslexia’., Know how dyslexia can affect an individual., Know about ways to support the learning of individuals with dyslexia.
Understand what is meant by ‘dyslexia’., Understand dyslexia assessment., Understand the impact of dyslexia on the individual., Know about strategies that can be used to support the learning of individuals with dyslexia., Know about sources of information, advice and guidance relating to dyslexia.

Assessment Criteria

Key criteria assessors look for in your portfolio

Defines dyslexia and describes its common characteristics.
Explains the process of dyslexia diagnosis.
Identifies how dyslexia can affect learning and daily life.
Suggests appropriate support strategies for individuals with dyslexia.
Award credit for demonstrating a clear definition of dyslexia as a specific learning difficulty that primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling, and is neurological in origin.
Award credit for describing at least two ways dyslexia can affect an individual beyond literacy, such as difficulties with working memory, processing speed, or organisational skills, and for acknowledging potential strengths like creative problem-solving.
Award credit for identifying and explaining appropriate support strategies, such as using multi-sensory teaching methods, providing assistive technology (e.g., text-to-speech software), or allowing extra time for tasks, with reference to individual needs.
Award credit for demonstrating a clear definition of dyslexia, referencing its neurobiological origin and characteristic difficulties with phonological processing, not just a general 'reading difficulty'.
Award credit for accurately describing the components of a dyslexia assessment, including the role of screening, full diagnostic assessment, and the professionals involved.
Award credit for explaining the varied impacts of dyslexia beyond reading, such as on self-esteem, organisation, and working memory, with relevant examples.
Award credit for identifying at least two evidence-based support strategies, tailored to specific learning contexts, and justifying their effectiveness.
Award credit for listing appropriate sources of information, advice, and guidance (e.g., British Dyslexia Association, local dyslexia charities) and explaining how to access them.

Assessment Guidance

Guidance for achieving higher grades

💡Use real-life examples to illustrate effects.
💡Familiarise yourself with assistive technologies.
💡Know where to find reputable sources of information.
💡When completing assignments, always define key terms clearly and provide concrete examples of how dyslexia might affect an individual in real-life learning situations.
💡Use person-first language (e.g., 'an individual with dyslexia' rather than 'a dyslexic') and reference the social model of disability to show inclusive awareness.
💡For support strategies, explain not just what the strategy is, but how and why it helps, linking back to the specific cognitive challenges of dyslexia to demonstrate deeper understanding.
💡When answering assignment questions, always link theory to practice by providing concrete examples from work or volunteer settings.
💡Ensure you reference the learning objectives explicitly in your written evidence to demonstrate full coverage of the unit.
💡Use the vocabulary of the dyslexia specialist field (e.g., phonological awareness, working memory, co-occurring difficulties) to show depth of understanding.
💡For the strategies objective, structure your response around the 'Assess, Plan, Do, Review' cycle to show a systematic approach.
💡When answering questions about support strategies, always link your suggestions to specific difficulties. For example, if a student struggles with phonological awareness, recommend phonics-based interventions rather than generic 'extra help'.
💡Use the correct terminology from the Equality Act 2010, such as 'reasonable adjustments' and 'discrimination', to demonstrate your understanding of legal obligations. Avoid vague terms like 'being fair'.
💡In case study questions, identify at least three distinct areas of difficulty (e.g., reading fluency, spelling, working memory) and propose a tailored strategy for each. This shows depth of knowledge and application.

Common Mistakes

Common errors to avoid in your coursework

Confusing dyslexia with other learning difficulties.
Assuming all dyslexic individuals have the same needs.
Overlooking the emotional impact of dyslexia.
Assuming dyslexia is related to low intelligence or is simply 'reversing letters', rather than understanding it as a lifelong neurobiological condition that exists across all intellectual abilities.
Focusing only on reading difficulties and overlooking other impacts such as challenges with spelling, writing, memory, or organisation.
Suggesting a 'one-size-fits-all' support approach without recognising that strategies must be tailored to the individual's specific strengths and weaknesses.
Confusing dyslexia with general learning difficulties or assuming it is solely a visual processing issue.
Overlooking the emotional and social impacts of dyslexia, focusing only on academic challenges.
Believing that dyslexia assessment is a one-off event rather than an ongoing process that may require updating.
Recommending generic study skills without adapting them to the specific cognitive profile of a dyslexic learner.
Failing to differentiate between informal screening and formal diagnostic assessment in their explanations.
Misconception: Dyslexia is caused by poor teaching or laziness. Correction: Dyslexia is a neurobiological condition present from birth, not a result of inadequate instruction. Individuals with dyslexia often work harder than their peers to achieve the same results.
Misconception: Dyslexia only affects reading and writing. Correction: Dyslexia can also impact organisation, time management, memory, and self-esteem. It may affect spoken language, such as word retrieval and following instructions.
Misconception: People with dyslexia cannot succeed academically. Correction: Many individuals with dyslexia excel in areas such as art, engineering, entrepreneurship, and problem-solving. With appropriate support, they can achieve high levels of success.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions students ask about this topic

Before You Start

Prior knowledge that will help with this topic

•Basic understanding of special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) – familiarity with the SEND Code of Practice is helpful.
•Knowledge of the UK education system, including key stages and common assessment methods.
•Awareness of the Equality Act 2010 and its implications for education and employment.

Key Terminology

Essential terms to know

Know what is meant by ‘dyslexia’., Know how dyslexia is diagnosed., Know how dyslexia can affect individuals., Know about ways to support the learning of individuals with dyslexia., Know about sources of information for individuals with dyslexia and those supporting them.
Know what is meant by ‘dyslexia’., Know how dyslexia can affect an individual., Know about ways to support the learning of individuals with dyslexia.
Understand what is meant by ‘dyslexia’., Understand dyslexia assessment., Understand the impact of dyslexia on the individual., Know about strategies that can be used to support the learning of individuals with dyslexia., Know about sources of information, advice and guidance relating to dyslexia.

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Dyslexia Awareness

Assessment criteria

Topic Overview

Key Concepts

Learning Objectives

Assessment Criteria

Assessment Guidance

Common Mistakes

Frequently Asked Questions

Before You Start

Key Terminology

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