This subtopic covers the essential first aid skills required to respond effectively to common maritime accidents and medical emergencies, such as drowning,
Topic Synopsis
This subtopic covers the essential first aid skills required to respond effectively to common maritime accidents and medical emergencies, such as drowning, hypothermia, fractures, burns, and cardiac events. It emphasises the practical application of elementary first aid techniques while adapting to the unique challenges of a maritime environment, including limited resources, confined spaces, and delayed professional medical assistance. Learners will develop the competence to assess situations, prioritise actions, and provide immediate care until further help arrives, in compliance with STCW requirements.
Key Concepts & Core Principles
- Personal Survival Techniques: Understanding how to use life-saving appliances (e.g., lifejackets, life rafts) and perform actions like jumping from a height into water, righting an inverted life raft, and swimming in a survival suit.
- Fire Prevention and Firefighting: Knowledge of fire classes (A, B, C, D, F), use of portable fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and hose reels, plus procedures for fighting fires in enclosed spaces.
- Elementary First Aid: Basic life support (CPR), treatment of bleeding, shock, burns, and fractures, and how to use a first aid kit on board.
- Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities: Understanding shipboard safety regulations, emergency signals, muster lists, and the importance of teamwork and communication during drills.
- STCW Compliance: Awareness of the STCW Convention's requirements for basic safety training, including certification and refresher training intervals.
Exam Tips & Revision Strategies
- Verbalise every action during practical assessments, linking it to the governing principle (e.g., 'I am checking for normal breathing to determine if CPR is needed').
- Always reference the maritime context: state how you would adapt if the vessel is at sea, such as using blankets for warmth or improvising splints from onboard materials.
- In scenario-based questions, prioritise actions using the MARCH algorithm (Massive haemorrhage, Airway, Respiration, Circulation, Hypothermia/Head injury) to structure your response.
- Demonstrate an understanding of STCW requirements by mentioning the importance of maintaining first aid records and communicating with the bridge or medical authorities via radio.
Common Misconceptions & Mistakes to Avoid
- Failing to perform a scene survey before approaching a casualty, neglecting hazards like leaking fuel or unstable deck conditions.
- Applying direct pressure over a wound without using gloves or barrier devices, risking infection to both rescuer and casualty.
- Attempting to treat suspected fractures without immobilising joints above and below the injury, particularly in confined ship spaces.
- Not considering the effects of cold water immersion when assessing vital signs, leading to premature cessation of CPR in hypothermic casualties.
- Moving a spinal injury casualty without adequate manual stabilisation or backboard, overlooking the risk of permanent paralysis.
Examiner Marking Points
- Award credit for demonstrating a systematic primary survey (DRABC) that identifies and manages immediate life threats, such as airway obstruction or severe bleeding.
- Award credit for correctly placing a casualty in the recovery position while explaining the rationale, including considerations for a moving vessel.
- Award credit for applying appropriate first aid techniques for hypothermia, such as passive rewarming and handling the casualty gently, in a simulated maritime scenario.
- Award credit for safely demonstrating a two-person carry or emergency drag, with clear communication and minimal risk to the casualty's spine.
- Award credit for adjusting first aid responses to environmental factors, such as providing shelter, insulating from cold surfaces, or using improvised materials.