Knowledge of Motor Vehicle Body Adhesive Bonding Operations — The Institute of the Motor Industry End-Point Assessment Motor Vehicle & Transport Revision

    This element focuses on the critical knowledge required for safe and effective adhesive bonding in vehicle body repair, a process essential for joining mod

    Topic Synopsis

    This element focuses on the critical knowledge required for safe and effective adhesive bonding in vehicle body repair, a process essential for joining modern mixed-material structures. Learners must understand the principles of surface preparation, adhesive selection, and application techniques to restore vehicle integrity and meet manufacturer specifications. The content underpins practical competence in collision repair, ensuring bonds are durable, corrosion-resistant, and compliant with industry standards.

    Key Concepts & Core Principles

    Exam Tips & Revision Strategies

    Common Misconceptions & Mistakes to Avoid

    Examiner Marking Points

    Knowledge of Motor Vehicle Body Adhesive Bonding Operations

    THE INSTITUTE OF THE MOTOR INDUSTRY
    vocational

    This subtopic focuses on the theory and practical application of adhesive bonding techniques used in modern vehicle body repair, emphasizing structural integrity and safety. Learners must understand how to select appropriate adhesives, prepare surfaces, apply bonding materials correctly, and ensure proper curing to meet manufacturer specifications and industry standards, reducing reliance on traditional welding methods.

    14
    Learning Outcomes
    35
    Assessment Guidance
    43
    Key Skills
    14
    Key Terms
    45
    Assessment Criteria

    Assessment criteria

    IMI Level 3 Extended Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Principles (VRQ)
    IMI Level 2 Extended Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Principles (VRQ)
    IMI Level 2 Diploma in Body Building Competence
    IMI Level 2 Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Competence
    IMI Level 3 Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Competence
    IMI Level 2 Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Principles (VRQ)
    IMI Level 3 Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Principles (VRQ)
    IMI Level 2 Diploma in Body Building Principles (VRQ)
    IMI Level 2 Subsidiary Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Technology (VRQ)

    Topic Overview

    The IMI Level 2 Extended Diploma in Vehicle Accident Repair Body Principles (VRQ) covers the fundamental skills and knowledge required to repair damaged vehicle bodywork to a professional standard. This includes understanding vehicle construction, materials used in modern vehicles, and the techniques for restoring structural integrity and appearance after an accident. The course is designed for students who want to pursue a career in vehicle body repair, focusing on the principles of panel beating, welding, and the use of specialised equipment.

    This qualification is essential for anyone entering the accident repair industry, as it provides the foundation for more advanced studies and on-the-job training. It covers health and safety regulations, the properties of different metals and plastics, and the correct procedures for cutting, shaping, and joining panels. By mastering these principles, students can ensure repairs are safe, durable, and meet industry standards, which is critical for customer satisfaction and vehicle roadworthiness.

    Within the wider Motor Vehicle & Transport sector, body repair is a specialised area that requires precision and attention to detail. This diploma prepares students for roles such as vehicle body repair technician, panel beater, or paint sprayer. It also links to other areas like paint refinishing and mechanical repair, making it a versatile starting point for a career in automotive maintenance and restoration.

    Key Concepts

    Core ideas you must understand for this topic

    • →Vehicle construction types: Understand the difference between monocoque (unibody) and body-on-frame construction, and how each affects repair techniques.
    • →Material properties: Know the characteristics of steel, aluminium, and plastic used in vehicle panels, including how they react to heat, stress, and corrosion.
    • →Panel beating techniques: Master the use of hammers, dollies, and shaping tools to restore damaged panels to their original contours without excessive filler.
    • →Welding methods: Learn MIG welding for steel and TIG welding for aluminium, including setting correct parameters and ensuring strong, clean joints.
    • →Health and safety: Comply with COSHH regulations, use PPE correctly, and follow safe working practices when using tools and handling materials.

    Learning Objectives

    What you need to know and understand

    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Identify relevant health and safety legislation and personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for adhesive bonding operations.
    • Select appropriate adhesives and application tools based on manufacturer specifications and repair requirements.
    • Demonstrate correct procedures for checking, using, and maintaining bonding equipment to ensure optimal performance.
    • Prepare vehicle body surfaces to meet cleanliness and profile standards prior to bonding.
    • Carry out a complete adhesive bonding operation from mixing to final cure, following a methodical approach.
    • Evaluate the quality of a completed bond through visual inspection and specified non-destructive testing methods.
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations

    Assessment Criteria

    Key criteria assessors look for in your portfolio

    • Award credit for demonstrating a thorough risk assessment before commencing any adhesive bonding operation, including identification of hazards such as chemical exposure and fire risks.
    • Evidence must show correct selection of adhesive type based on substrate material, panel location, and manufacturer's repair guidelines, with justification documented.
    • Assessor must observe precise surface preparation techniques: abrasion to specified profile, thorough degreasing, and contamination-free substrate, followed by verifying bond gap using specified spacer methods.
    • Marks are given for using the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) throughout, including but not limited to, chemical-resistant gloves, air-fed respirators, and appropriate eye/face protection.
    • Candidates must demonstrate accurate mixing of two-part adhesives (if applicable), using the correct nozzle and ensuring consistent bead profile, with evidence of checking expiry dates and storage conditions.
    • For full marks, show proper curing process management: monitoring ambient temperature/humidity, using heat lamps where allowed, and recording cure times before any movement or further process.
    • Final quality check must be evidenced: visual inspection for continuous bead, no voids, and verification of bonded panel alignment against vehicle specifications.
    • Demonstrate consistent and correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, eye protection, and respiratory masks when handling adhesives and solvents.
    • Award credit for accurately selecting and inspecting bonding tools and equipment, such as cartridge guns, static mixing nozzles, and cleaning agents, ensuring they are fit for purpose and calibrated where necessary.
    • Evidence of proper surface preparation techniques, including degreasing, sanding to Profile height, and applying adhesion promoters as per manufacturer’s instructions.
    • Apply adhesive in a controlled manner, ensuring correct bead size, placement, and absence of air entrapment, with proper jigging and clamping to maintain joint alignment during cure.
    • Show understanding of adhesive open times, curing times, and environmental conditions by recording shop temperature and humidity and adjusting work pace accordingly.
    • Demonstrate safe disposal of waste materials and cleaning of equipment in line with health and safety and environmental regulations.
    • Award credit for demonstrating adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols specific to chemical handling, including protective gloves, respirators, and eye protection as per COSHH assessments.
    • Award credit for correctly selecting adhesive type and application method based on substrate materials (e.g., aluminium, composite, steel) and joint design, referencing technical data sheets.
    • Award credit for systematic inspection and calibration of tools—such as checking nozzle condition, pressure settings on pneumatic guns, and surface cleanliness levels—before starting work.
    • Award credit for following a structured bonding procedure: surface abrasion, degreasing, applying adhesion promoter where needed, controlled adhesive bead application, clamping/fixturing, and allowed curing time.
    • Award credit for demonstrating correct PPE selection and usage, including air-fed respirators for isocyanate-containing adhesives, and ensuring adequate ventilation or extraction during mixing and application.
    • Award credit for systematically checking tools and equipment for serviceability before use, such as verifying calibration of dispensing guns and condition of mixing nozzles.
    • Award credit for correctly identifying substrate materials (e.g., aluminium, composites, steel) and selecting the appropriate adhesive system, primer, and surface preparation technique as per manufacturer's data sheet.
    • Award credit for explaining and performing the full bonding process: surface degreasing, abrasion/cleaning, applying adhesion promoter, mixing and applying adhesive, and accurately positioning and clamping the panel within the working time.
    • Award credit for describing the curing process, including the effect of ambient conditions on cure time, and demonstrating knowledge of post-bonding inspection for squeeze-out, bond line thickness, and full cure before further work.
    • Award credit for demonstrating a thorough risk assessment specific to adhesive bonding, including identification of hazardous substances and required control measures.
    • Award credit for correctly selecting and justifying the choice of adhesive type, primer, and preparation materials for a given repair scenario.
    • Award credit for evidencing accurate surface preparation techniques such as abrasion, cleaning, and decontamination to achieve optimal bond strength.
    • Award credit for showing precise application of adhesive, including bead size, placement, and avoidance of air entrapment, followed by correct clamping or fixturing.
    • Award credit for clear identification of hazards and control measures in a risk assessment specific to adhesive bonding.
    • Look for evidence of correct adhesive selection referencing vehicle manufacturer data or technical bulletins.
    • Assess practical demonstration of tool calibration, cleaning, and storage routines.
    • Evaluate surface preparation steps including degreasing, abrasion, and priming as per procedure sheets.
    • Check that the bonding process is followed in sequence, with correct mixing ratios, open time management, and clamping pressure.
    • Give credit for thorough post-bond inspections, noting any defects and suggesting corrective actions.
    • Award credit for demonstrating correct selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) including respiratory protection, gloves, and eye protection when handling adhesives and solvents.
    • Assessors should look for evidence of proper substrate preparation, including cleaning, degreasing, and abrading surfaces to manufacturer-recommended profiles before bonding.
    • Credit should be given for accurately mixing two-part adhesives using correct ratios and application tools, with evidence of checking pot life and expiry dates.
    • Mark for correct clamping or fixturing techniques that ensure panel alignment and consistent bond line thickness without adhesive starvation.
    • Award marks for thorough inspection of the cured bond, including checking for full adhesion, absence of voids, and conformity to vehicle manufacturer’s repair standards.
    • Award credit for demonstrating proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, respirators, and eye protection when handling adhesives and primers.
    • Award credit for accurately selecting and inspecting applicator guns, mixing nozzles, and surface preparation tools, and performing basic maintenance checks before use.
    • Award credit for correctly following manufacturer’s instructions on adhesive application, including mix ratio, open time, and clamping pressure, to achieve a secure bond.
    • Award credit for documenting the bonding process, including batch numbers and cure times, in line with quality control procedures.
    • Award credit for demonstrating thorough risk assessment and control measures specific to adhesive fume exposure, skin contact, and fire hazards.
    • Award credit for correctly selecting adhesives based on manufacturer specifications and verifying equipment like pneumatic applicators are calibrated and clean.
    • Award credit for accurate surface preparation including degreasing, abrasion, and contamination checks to ensure bond integrity.
    • Award credit for documenting application parameters (e.g., bead size, open time, clamp pressure) and post-cure inspections.

    Assessment Guidance

    Guidance for achieving higher grades

    • 💡Always refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s technical data and the adhesive manufacturer’s data sheet in your written justification; this demonstrates professional competence and meets assessment criteria.
    • 💡When performing practical assessments, narrate your actions as you work, explaining why each step is taken; this helps assessors award marks for knowledge even if a minor error occurs.
    • 💡Photograph each stage of the bonding process for your portfolio: surface after abrasion, mixed adhesive bead, clamped assembly, and final cured joint, with clear labels.
    • 💡Practice creating and interpreting bond gap measurements using feeler gauges or plastic spacer clips; this is a common observation point that can easily be overlooked.
    • 💡In safety-related questions, mention specific PPE and the relevant COSHH or safety data sheet requirements; generic answers may not earn full marks.
    • 💡For assignment tasks, link adhesive bonding operations to wider repair processes, such as corrosion protection and cosmetic finishing, to show holistic understanding.
    • 💡In written responses, always reference the vehicle manufacturer’s repair manual and adhesive technical data sheet (TDS) as your primary sources of information.
    • 💡When describing practical procedures, structure your answer using a step-by-step approach: preparation, application, curing, and quality assessment.
    • 💡To demonstrate deep understanding, explain the science behind surface energy and how adhesion promoters chemically bond to the substrate.
    • 💡During practical assessments, narrate your actions to show assessors you are actively monitoring conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity, and substrate temperature.
    • 💡For assignment evidence, photograph each stage of the process—especially surface preparation and adhesive application—to demonstrate compliance with method specifications.
    • 💡Always reference real technical data sheets and risk assessments in your written work; this shows application of knowledge rather than just recall.
    • 💡During practical assessments, verbalise your checks: ‘I am now checking the adhesive expiry date’ – assessors can only credit what they observe or hear.
    • 💡Link your answers back to manufacturer instructions and IMI sector guidance; generic statements about ‘good practice’ score fewer marks than specific industry references.
    • 💡Always refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s repair methods and adhesive manufacturer’s technical data sheet in your answers and practical work to show compliance with industry standards.
    • 💡In written assessments, structure your response to cover safety, tools, preparation, application, and curing—examiners look for a complete process understanding.
    • 💡For practical observations, narrate your actions as you work, highlighting why you are performing each step (e.g., ‘I am using 180 grit sandpaper to abrade the surface for mechanical key without damaging the substrate’).
    • 💡Be prepared to explain how to verify bond integrity after completion, such as visual inspection for continuous squeeze-out, tap test for voids, or documenting the repair for traceability.
    • 💡Use correct terminology like ‘adhesion’, ‘cohesion’, ‘open time’, ‘cure time’, and ‘squeeze-out’ to demonstrate professional knowledge.
    • 💡Always reference the vehicle manufacturer’s repair manual when justifying tool and adhesive selection in written assignments or practical observations.
    • 💡In practical assessments, clearly narrate each step to demonstrate your understanding of safety, material compatibility, and quality checks during the bonding process.
    • 💡Always reference vehicle manufacturer guidelines and safety data sheets (SDS) in written or practical assessments.
    • 💡Practice the complete bonding sequence under timed conditions to build confidence for the practical exam.
    • 💡Memorise key terminology such as open time, clamping time, and curing time, as these are often tested.
    • 💡In written exams, use structured answers: state the step, explain why it is important, and give an example of good practice.
    • 💡Always refer to vehicle manufacturer’s guidelines and safety data sheets in your answers to demonstrate professional awareness.
    • 💡Explain the difference between structural and semi-structural adhesives, and give examples of where each is used in modern vehicle body repairs.
    • 💡When describing the process, emphasize the importance of documenting batch numbers and curing parameters for traceability and quality assurance.
    • 💡Remember to mention that some adhesives require post-cure inspections like tap testing or ultrasonic testing to verify bond integrity.
    • 💡Always refer to the specific vehicle manufacturer’s repair methods and adhesive data sheets during practical assessments to demonstrate adherence to approved processes.
    • 💡Practice explaining the rationale behind each safety step, as assessors may question you on the consequences of skipping procedures like ventilation or skin protection.
    • 💡When preparing for written tasks, ensure you can describe the difference between structural and semi-structural adhesives and their appropriate applications.
    • 💡Always reference the vehicle manufacturer’s repair methods and adhesive technical data sheets in your evidence.
    • 💡Photograph each stage: surface preparation, adhesive application, clamping, and final finish to demonstrate process control.
    • 💡Be prepared to explain why adhesive bonding is preferred over welding for certain modern materials like aluminium and composites.
    • 💡Always refer to manufacturer repair methods in your answers. Examiners look for evidence that you know repairs must follow specific guidelines to maintain vehicle safety and warranty.
    • 💡When describing a repair process, break it down into clear steps: assessment, preparation, repair, finishing, and inspection. This shows you understand the logical sequence.
    • 💡Use correct technical terminology (e.g., 'shrinking' instead of 'making smaller', 'planishing' instead of 'smoothing'). This demonstrates professional knowledge.

    Common Mistakes

    Common errors to avoid in your coursework

    • Neglecting to check the vehicle maker's recommended repair method, leading to use of incorrect adhesive or bonding technique for structural parts.
    • Inadequate surface preparation: failing to remove all rust, paint, or corrosion to the specified depth, or using contaminated rags/solvents that leave residues impeding bond strength.
    • Incorrect mixing ratio or incomplete mixing of two-component adhesives, often due to not purging the mixing nozzle sufficiently before application.
    • Applying adhesive outside the specified open time, causing skinning before assembly and poor wetting of the second substrate.
    • Rushing the curing process by moving the assembly before the full cure time, or using heat sources not approved for crash repair applications, leading to adhesion failure.
    • Forgetting to record batch numbers and shelf life of consumables, which can result in using expired products that compromise repair integrity.
    • Overlooking the need for a bond gap gauge to ensure correct adhesive thickness, resulting in weak bonds or excessive squeeze-out.
    • Confusing structural and semi-structural adhesives, leading to incorrect product selection for the repair joint.
    • Inadequate cleaning of substrates, leaving contaminants like wax, oil, or dust that cause bond failure.
    • Incorrect mixing ratio when using two-component adhesives, often due to not fully purging static mixers or ignoring plunger alignment.
    • Applying adhesive beyond its open time, resulting in poor wetting and weak adhesion.
    • Neglecting to condition repair surfaces—heating cold metal to prevent condensation—which can lead to moisture entrapment and premature corrosion.
    • Failing to back-up adhesive with rivets or spot welds when specified by vehicle manufacturer procedures, leading to non-compliant repairs.
    • Learners often neglect to verify ambient temperature and humidity conditions, which can lead to inadequate curing and bond failure.
    • Incorrect mixing ratios or expired adhesive cartridges are frequently used because learners fail to check batch numbers and shelf life.
    • Skipping the cleaning and degreasing step results in poor adhesion; learners assume that new panels are already contamination-free.
    • Over-application of adhesive causing squeeze-out is common, leading to component misalignment and reduced structural integrity.
    • Many learners rush the curing process, removing clamps too early or using heat guns inappropriately, which compromises bond strength.
    • Failure to consider the difference in thermal expansion between bonded materials, leading to joint stress and potential bond failure over time.
    • Using incorrect or contaminated abrasives during surface preparation, which can leave residues that degrade adhesion.
    • Assuming all structural adhesives are the same—not matching the adhesive type to the specific materials and crash performance requirements.
    • Over-clamping or under-clamping: applying too much pressure can starve the joint of adhesive, while too little can result in poor contact and weak bonds.
    • Ignoring pot life and open time limits, leading to adhesive starting to cure before panel placement, compromising bond strength.
    • Failing to recognise that different substrates (e.g., aluminium vs. steel) may require different surface treatments or adhesive types.
    • Underestimating the importance of open and clamp times, leading to premature or delayed assembly and compromised bond strength.
    • Neglecting to verify environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, which can affect curing and adhesion.
    • Neglecting to wear appropriate respiratory protection or gloves when handling chemical adhesives.
    • Failing to properly degrease or abrade the bonding surface, leading to poor adhesion.
    • Using expired or incorrectly stored adhesives, resulting in substandard bond strength.
    • Applying excessive or insufficient adhesive, causing weak joints or clean-up problems.
    • Misinterpreting curing times and disturbing the joint before full cure is achieved.
    • Learners often neglect proper surface cleaning, leaving contaminants that cause bond failure; skipping the wipe-down with recommended solvent after abrasion.
    • Incorrect mixing ratios or incomplete mixing of two-part adhesives, leading to weak or uncured sections within the bond.
    • Applying excessive clamping pressure, which squeezes out too much adhesive and creates a starved joint with reduced strength.
    • Ignoring ambient temperature and humidity requirements, resulting in slow or incomplete curing, especially with moisture-curing urethanes.
    • Using the wrong adhesive for the material combination (e.g., using a general-purpose adhesive on carbon fibre or aluminium without proper priming).
    • Failing to adequately clean and degrease bonding surfaces, leading to weak adhesion and potential joint failure.
    • Incorrectly assuming all adhesives have the same curing properties, resulting in insufficient clamping time or premature handling.
    • Neglecting to check the expiry date of adhesive products, which can compromise bond integrity.
    • Assuming all structural adhesives have the same curing time and strength, leading to incorrect product selection.
    • Neglecting to check adhesive expiry dates or failing to properly mix two-component products.
    • Sanding or disturbing the bond area before full cure, compromising the repair.
    • Overlooking the need for personal protective equipment when handling isocyanates or solvents.
    • Misconception: All vehicle panels are made of steel. Correction: Modern vehicles use a mix of materials, including aluminium for lightweight panels and various plastics for bumpers and trim. Each requires different repair techniques.
    • Misconception: Filler can be used to fix large dents. Correction: Filler should only be used for minor imperfections. Large dents must be pulled or hammered out to maintain structural integrity and prevent cracking.
    • Misconception: Welding is just melting metal together. Correction: Proper welding requires correct heat settings, travel speed, and gas flow. Poor welding can weaken the joint and lead to failure.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Common questions students ask about this topic

    Before You Start

    Prior knowledge that will help with this topic

    • •Basic understanding of vehicle anatomy: Know the main parts of a car body (e.g., wings, doors, bonnet, boot) and their functions.
    • •Health and safety awareness: Familiarity with workshop safety rules and basic PPE usage.
    • •Simple hand tool skills: Experience using hammers, files, and measuring tools is helpful but not essential.

    Key Terminology

    Essential terms to know

    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Health and safety in bonding
    • Tool selection and maintenance
    • Surface preparation techniques
    • Adhesive application and curing
    • Quality control checks
    • Waste disposal and environmental care
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations
    • Understand how to work safely when carrying out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to select, check, use and maintain appropriate tools and equipment used in motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations, Understand how to carry out motor vehicle body adhesive bonding operations

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