Question 1

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation comes from within, such as enjoyment or a sense of achievement. Extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards like trophies, praise, or money. In sport, intrinsic motivation is often more sustainable, but extrinsic rewards can be useful for beginners. Over-reliance on extrinsic rewards can reduce intrinsic motivation, known as the overjustification effect.

Question 2

How does the inverted-U theory explain performance in sport?

Accepted Answer

The inverted-U theory suggests that as arousal increases, performance improves up to an optimal point. Beyond that, further arousal causes performance to decline. For example, a sprinter needs high arousal for explosive power, but a golfer putting needs low arousal for precision. The optimal level varies by task and individual.

Question 3

What are the best ways to manage anxiety before a competition?

Accepted Answer

Common techniques include deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mental rehearsal (visualisation), and positive self-talk. Cognitive anxiety (worry) can be reduced by focusing on process goals rather than outcome goals. Somatic anxiety (physical symptoms) can be managed with relaxation techniques. Practice and preparation also help reduce anxiety.

Question 4

What is the difference between introverts and extroverts in sport?

Accepted Answer

Introverts are typically quieter and more reserved, and they tend to perform better in individual sports that require concentration and fine motor skills (e.g., archery, gymnastics). Extroverts are outgoing and sociable, and they often excel in team sports or high-intensity activities (e.g., rugby, basketball). However, personality is not fixed and can be influenced by the situation.

Question 5

How can goal setting improve performance in sport?

Accepted Answer

Goal setting provides direction, motivation, and a way to measure progress. Using the SMART principle (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Recorded, Timed) ensures goals are effective. Short-term goals build confidence, while long-term goals maintain focus. Goals can be outcome-focused (winning) or process-focused (improving technique), with process goals being more controllable.

Question 6

What is social loafing and how can it be reduced in a team?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is when individuals put in less effort when working in a group compared to alone. It often happens in large teams or when individual contributions are not recognised. To reduce it, coaches can assign specific roles, give individual feedback, increase team cohesion, and make each member's effort visible. Smaller group sizes also help.

Sports psychology

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Related Topics in OCR GCSE Physical Education

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Applied anatomy and physiology

Applying the principles of training

Characteristics of skilful movement

How to Revise Sports psychology — OCR GCSE Physical Education

Examiner Tips for Sports psychology

Key Marking Points