Question 1

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback in PE?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic feedback comes from within the performer, such as feeling the correct movement or seeing the ball go in. It relies on the performer's own senses and is often used by experienced athletes. Extrinsic feedback comes from an external source, like a coach's comments, a video replay, or the crowd's reaction. Beginners rely heavily on extrinsic feedback because they cannot yet interpret intrinsic cues accurately. Both types are important, but as a performer progresses, they should learn to use intrinsic feedback more effectively.

Question 2

Why is positive feedback important in sports?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback reinforces correct performance and boosts the performer's confidence and motivation. It is especially important for beginners and when learning new skills, as it encourages continued practice and effort. However, positive feedback must be specific and genuine to be effective. For example, saying 'Great follow-through!' is more helpful than just 'Good job!' because it tells the performer exactly what they did well. Overusing vague praise can reduce its impact.

Question 3

What is knowledge of performance (KP) and how is it used?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of performance (KP) is feedback about the quality of the movement or technique, rather than the outcome. For example, a coach might say 'Your arm swing was too wide' or 'You need to keep your head down when striking the ball.' KP is crucial for correcting errors and refining skills, especially in closed skills like a gymnastic routine or a golf swing. It helps performers understand what they are doing wrong and how to fix it, leading to long-term improvement.

Question 4

When should concurrent feedback be used?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent feedback is given during the performance, such as a coach shouting instructions while a player is running. It is useful for simple, quick corrections in open skills, like a netball player being told to 'move into space' during a game. However, it can cause information overload and distract the performer, especially for complex skills. It is best used sparingly and with performers who can process information quickly. For beginners, it may be more effective to give terminal feedback after the performance.

Question 5

How does feedback affect motivation in sport?

Accepted Answer

Feedback can significantly impact motivation. Positive feedback increases self-efficacy and encourages continued effort, while negative feedback, if delivered constructively, can motivate performers to improve. However, constant negative feedback can lower confidence and lead to dropout. The key is to balance positive and negative feedback, focusing on specific aspects of performance. For example, a coach might say 'Your positioning was excellent, but let's work on your timing.' This approach maintains motivation while addressing areas for improvement.

Question 6

What is the best type of feedback for a beginner?

Accepted Answer

For a beginner in the cognitive stage of learning, the best feedback is extrinsic, positive, and focused on knowledge of performance. Beginners need clear, simple instructions about what to do, such as 'Keep your eyes on the ball' or 'Bend your knees when you catch.' Positive feedback builds confidence and encourages them to keep trying. As they progress to the associative stage, feedback can become more detailed and include negative feedback to correct errors. Eventually, in the autonomous stage, they rely more on intrinsic feedback.

Types of feedback

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Related Topics in OCR GCSE Physical Education

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Applied anatomy and physiology

Applying the principles of training

Characteristics of skilful movement

How to Revise Types of feedback — OCR GCSE Physical Education

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