Question 1

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation comes from within – you do an activity because you enjoy it or find it personally rewarding, like playing football for the love of the game. Extrinsic motivation involves external rewards or pressures, such as winning a trophy, receiving praise from a coach, or avoiding punishment. While extrinsic factors can boost short-term effort, intrinsic motivation is more sustainable and linked to long-term participation and satisfaction.

Question 2

How does the Inverted U Theory apply to different sports?

Accepted Answer

The Inverted U Theory suggests that performance improves with arousal up to an optimal point, after which it declines. In high-intensity sports like sprinting or weightlifting, optimal arousal is high because explosive power is needed. In precision sports like archery or golf, optimal arousal is lower to maintain fine motor control. For team sports like netball, moderate arousal is best to balance speed and accuracy.

Question 3

What are the best ways to manage anxiety before a big game?

Accepted Answer

Effective techniques include deep breathing exercises to lower somatic anxiety, positive self-talk to counter negative thoughts, and mental rehearsal (visualisation) to prepare for success. Progressive muscle relaxation can also help reduce physical tension. It's important to find what works for you personally and practice it regularly, not just on match day.

Question 4

Can personality predict sporting success?

Accepted Answer

Personality can influence sport choice and behaviour, but it doesn't guarantee success. For example, extroverts often thrive in team sports and high-arousal environments, while introverts may prefer individual sports requiring concentration. However, many successful athletes have a mix of traits, and factors like motivation, training, and mental toughness are equally important.

Question 5

What is social loafing and how can it be reduced?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is when individuals exert less effort in a group than when alone, often because they feel their contribution isn't noticed. It can be reduced by making each player's role clear, setting individual targets, giving regular feedback, and fostering team cohesion. Smaller group sizes and peer evaluation also help.

Question 6

How do goal setting and feedback improve performance?

Accepted Answer

Setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals gives direction and motivation. Feedback – whether from a coach, video analysis, or self-reflection – helps athletes identify strengths and areas for improvement. Together, they create a cycle of continuous improvement, boosting confidence and focus.

Psychology of sport and physical activity

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