Hinduism: Expressions of religious identity

This topic explores how Hindus express their religious identity through a variety of practices, symbols, and beliefs. Central to this is the concept of dharma (duty), which shapes how Hindus live their lives, from daily rituals to major life events. Expressions of identity can be seen in worship (puja), pilgrimage (yatra), festivals (such as Diwali and Holi), and the use of sacred symbols like the Om and the swastika. The topic also examines how identity is expressed through the four stages of life (ashramas) and the four aims of life (purusharthas), providing a framework for understanding Hindu diversity.

Understanding expressions of religious identity is crucial because it reveals how abstract beliefs become tangible in daily life. For AQA A-Level, this topic connects to broader themes of religion, society, and culture. It requires students to analyse how identity is both personal and communal, and how it adapts to modern contexts, such as diaspora communities. By studying these expressions, students gain insight into the diversity within Hinduism, from temple worship to home-based practices, and how these reinforce a sense of belonging and continuity.

This topic fits into the wider Religious Studies curriculum by linking to themes of authority, ethics, and the nature of religion. It encourages critical thinking about how identity is constructed and maintained, and how external factors (like migration or secularisation) influence religious practice. Mastery of this topic will help students evaluate scholarly perspectives, such as those of Ninian Smart or Kim Knott, and apply them to specific examples of Hindu expression.