Religious Studies B

    Pearson Edexcel
    GCSE

    Specification: 1RB0

    The PEARSON-EDEXCEL GCSE Religious Studies B specification covers 85 topics with 500 learning objectives (1RB0). Use the topic browser below to explore subtopics, exam tips, common mistakes, and key terminology for each area of the course.

    Starting Pearson Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B this term? The whole specification is below, unit by unit.

    This subject will help you develop key knowledge and skills required for exam success.

    85

    Topics

    500

    Objectives

    0

    Exam Tips

    0

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    About Pearson Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B

    Pearson Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B is a dynamic and engaging course that explores the relationship between religion, philosophy, and ethics in the modern world. You will study two major world religions in depth, Christianity and Islam, and then apply these beliefs to a range of contemporary ethical issues such as crime and punishment, peace and conflict, and matters of life and death. The specification is structured into three areas of study: Area of Study 1 (Religion and Ethics), Area of Study 2 (Religion, Peace and Conflict), and Area of Study 3 (Religion, Philosophy and Social Justice), allowing you to develop a broad understanding of religious perspectives.

    The course encourages you to think critically about ultimate questions and to develop your own reasoned opinions while understanding the views of others. You will examine sources of wisdom and authority, including sacred texts, and learn how to construct well-argued responses using evidence and logical reasoning. This qualification is ideal for students who enjoy debate, want to understand different cultures and beliefs, and wish to explore the big questions of life and society.

    Assessment Structure

    This qualification is assessed through three externally examined written papers, each worth 33.3% of the final grade. Each paper is 1 hour and 45 minutes long and contains a mix of short-answer, extended-writing, and source-based questions. There is no coursework or controlled assessment. The papers are: Paper 1 (Religion and Ethics), Paper 2 (Religion, Peace and Conflict), and Paper 3 (Religion, Philosophy and Social Justice). Each paper is marked out of 102, giving a total of 306 marks for the full GCSE.

    Why Choose Pearson Edexcel?

    • Edexcel's Religious Studies B specification offers a clear and logical structure, with each area of study focusing on a distinct theme, making it easier for students to organise their revision and track their progress.
    • The course includes a strong emphasis on contemporary ethical issues, which many students find more engaging and relevant to their own lives than a purely textual study of religion.
    • Edexcel provides a wide range of high-quality support materials, including exemplar answers, mark schemes, and revision guides, which are invaluable for exam preparation.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Specification Topics

    85 topics

    Area of Study 3D: Buddhism - Section 4: Equality

    4.2 Buddhist attitudes towards equality: Buddhist teachings and responses to the causes of inequality and problems caused by inequality in the world; divergent Buddhist teachings about and practices that reflect equality, including reference to Lotus Sutra 12; possible Buddhist solutions to inequality and why Buddhists may support them., 4.3 Buddhist attitudes towards religious freedom: different Buddhist teachings and responses to the nature and importance of religious freedom, including Towards The True Kinship Of Faiths: How the World's Religions Can Come Together Chapter 9 by the XIV Dalai Lama; the divergent responses of Buddhists to a multi-faith society; the benefits and challenges for Buddhists living in a multi-faith society; Buddhist responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) against aspects of religious freedom., 4.1 Buddhist teaching on human rights: Buddhist teachings and responses to the nature and purpose of human rights; why Buddhists might support human rights as important, including reference to upekkha and the Declaration of the International Network of Engaged Buddhists: Towards A Buddhist Culture of Non-Violence and Human Rights (May 1998) ; divergent Buddhist responses to the need for and application of individual human rights, including the support offered by situation ethics; the problems human rights might cause for Buddhists; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments about human rights and Buddhist responses to them. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2B: Christianity - Section 1: Christian Beliefs

    1.8 Divergent solutions offered to the problem of evil/suffering and a loving and righteous God: biblical, theoretical and practical, including reference to Psalm 119, Job, free will, vale of soul-making, prayer, and charity; the success of solutions to the problem., 1.3 The Incarnation: the nature and importance of the person of Jesus Christ as the incarnate Son of God; the biblical basis of this teaching, including John 1.1–18 and 1 Timothy 3:16 and its significance for Christians today., 1.5 The nature and significance of salvation and the role of Christ within salvation: law, sin, grace and Spirit, the role of Christ in salvation, including John 3:10–21 and Acts 4:8–12; the nature and significance of atonement within Christianity and its link to salvation. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 3E: Hinduism - Section 4: Equality

    4.4 Hindu attitudes to prejudice and discrimination: Hindu teachings and responses to the nature of prejudice and discrimination and the problems they cause, including links to situation ethics; Hindu teachings on why prejudice and discrimination against religions is wrong, including reference to interpretations of Bhagavad Gita 4.9–11; Hindu responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) against aspects of religious freedom., 4.8 Hindu attitudes towards wealth and poverty: Hindu teachings and responses to the nature and causes of poverty in the UK and in the world, including absolute and relative; Hindu teachings about wealth and poverty, including reference to artha and Rig Veda 10.117., 4.5 Hindu attitudes towards racial harmony: Hindu teachings about racial harmony and those that may reflect ethical theories, such as situation ethics; how and why Hindus have worked for racial harmony, including Mahabharata 5.39 and the work of Mahatma Gandhi; the benefits of living in a multi-ethnic society. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 3C: Islam - Section 4: Equality

    4.8 Muslim attitudes towards wealth and poverty: Muslim teachings and responses to the nature and causes of poverty in the UK and in the world; Muslim teachings about wealth and poverty, including Surah 2:177., 4.1 Muslim teaching on human rights: Muslim teachings and responses to the nature and purpose of human rights; why Muslims might support human rights as important, including Surah 5:8; divergent Muslim responses to the need for and application of individual human rights, including the support offered by situation ethics; the problems human rights might cause for Muslims; Muslim responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments about human rights., 4.4 Muslim attitudes to prejudice and discrimination: Muslim teachings and responses to the nature of prejudice and discrimination, including Surah 49:13, and the problems they cause, including links to situation ethics; Muslim teachings on why prejudice and discrimination against religions is wrong. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 3C: Islam - Section 3: Living the Muslim Life

    3.3 Salah as one of the Five Pillars, including reference to Surah 15:98–99 and 29:45: the nature, history, significance and purpose of Salah for Sunni and Shi’a Muslims, including different ways of understanding them; how Salah is performed, including ablution, times, directions, movements and recitations, in the home and mosque and Jummah prayer., 3.1 Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam: their nature, history and purpose of the Ten Obligatory Acts; the diversity of practice and importance of Ten Obligatory Acts for Shi’a Muslims today; their basis in the Qur’an, including reference to Surah 9:71–73; divergent understandings of these principles within Sunni Islam, including links with the Five Pillars., 3.6 Hajj as one of the Five Pillars: the nature, role, origins and significance of Hajj, including Surah 2:124–130 and 22:25–30; how Hajj is performed and why Hajj is important for Muslims; benefits and challenges of performing Hajj for Muslims. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2D: Buddhism - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.3 Buddhist teachings about good, evil and suffering: Buddhist teachings about the nature of good actions, how they are rewarded, and teachings about the nature of evil actions; non-religious attitudes (including atheist and Humanist) about why people suffer, including believing in religion and Buddhist responses to them; divergent Buddhist teachings about why people suffer, including the words of the XIV Dalai Lama’s Nobel acceptance speech (10 December 1989)., 2.6 Buddhist teachings about forgiveness: Buddhist teachings and responses about the nature and importance of forgiveness, including Dhammapada 3–10, how offenders are forgiven by the community and why this is needed; Buddhist responses to the nature and use of restorative justice, and why it is important for criminals., 2.4 Buddhist attitudes towards punishment: divergent Buddhist teachings and attitudes towards the nature and use of punishment, including Dhammapada 197–202 and links to situation ethics; Buddhist teachings on why punishment can be regarded as justice and why punishment might be needed in society. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 2B: Christianity - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.5 Christian attitudes to the Just War theory: Christian teachings and responses to the nature, history and importance of the Just War theory; the conditions of a Just War; divergent Christian opinions about whether a Just War is possible, including Romans 13:1–7; the application of ethical theories such as situation ethics ., 4.3 Christian attitudes to conflict: Christian teachings and responses to the nature and causes of conflict; Christian responses to the problems conflict causes, including Matthew 26:47–56 and links to situation ethics; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes about the role of religion in the causes of conflict and Christian responses to them., 4.2 The role of Christians in peacemaking: Christian teachings about peacemaking; the importance of justice, forgiveness and reconciliation for Christians in peacemaking; the work of one Christian group working for peace today, what it does and why it tries to work for peace, including Matthew 5:1–16. +1 more

    4 objectives4 subtopics

    Area of Study 3E: Hinduism - Section 1: Hindu Beliefs

    1.4 Manifestations of the Divine: the nature and importance of how the deities are shown in Hindu scriptures; avatars and murti; the nature and role of male deities: divergent understandings of the importance of Vishnu (including Rig Veda 1.22) and Shiva; the nature and role of the female force, Shakti, including Parvati and Lakshmi., 1.3 Three aspects of the divine: Brahman, Antaryami and Bhagavan; the nature and significance of the divine as Brahman (everywhere and non-personal), Antaryami (within the heart) and Bhagavan (beyond, as a personal loving God); how the three aspects are shown in Hindu scriptures, including Mundaka Upanishad 2.1; why belief in the three aspects of the divine are important in Hindu life and for religious pluralism today., 1.6 The purpose of human life for Hindus: the nature and significance of the four aims of life (Purusharthas) – dharma, artha, kama and moksha; the nature and significance of anatana dharma (eternal law), including Bhagavad Gita 3.35; the nature and significance of varnashrama dharma (duties according to materialistic situation in life). +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 1C: Islam - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.3 Muslim teaching about the purpose and importance of the family: Muslim teaching about the purpose of families, including Surah 46:15–18: procreation and the strengthening of the ummah; divergent Muslim responses to the different types of family within 21st-century society (nuclear, single parent, same-sex parents, extended and blended families)., 2.7 Muslim teaching about the equality of men and women in the family: divergent Muslim beliefs, teachings and attitudes about the role of men and women in the family with reference to the Qur’an, including Surah 4 and the time of Muhammad., 2.2 Muslim teaching about the importance of sexual relationships: divergent Muslim teaching about sexual relationships as fulfilling physical, emotional and spiritual needs; Muslim teachings on sexual relationships outside of marriage, including Surah 23:5–11 and same-sex sexual relationships; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to sexual relationships, including the acceptance of sexual relationships outside marriage and same-sex sexual relationships and Muslim responses to them. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 1G: Sikhism - Section 1: Sikh Beliefs

    1.4 Sikh beliefs about life after death: the nature of karma, rebirth and mukti (liberation); how they are shown in the Guru Granth Sahib, including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 2, 11 and 78; divergent understandings of how and why karma, rebirth and mukti are important for Sikh life today., 1.6 The oneness of humanity: how the equality of all humans is shown in the Guru Granth Sahib, including Guru Granth Sahib 349; how equality is shown in stories from the lives of the Gurus, including the example of Mai Bhago and the appointment of women as teachers; and how equality is shown in Sikh life today; how and why complete equality of men and women is important for Sikhs today., 1.3 The nature of human life: the purpose and significance of life as an opportunity to unite with God; Sikh understandings of why uniting with God is important; how uniting with God will affect their lives, including Guru Granth Sahib 12. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 1E: Hinduism - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.4 Implications of the Hindu teachings about the value and sanctity of life for the issue of abortion: the nature of abortion; divergent Hindu teachings about abortion, including interpretations of Atharva Veda 6.113; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments surrounding its use, i ncluding the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Hindu responses to them., 4.2 Hindu teachings about the sanctity of life: why human life might be regarded as holy; how life is shown as special in the scriptures, including interpretations of Katha Upanishad 1.3.3; the importance of sanctity of life for Hindus today., 4.3 Hindu responses to scientific and non-religious explanations about the origins and value of human life, such as evolution and survival of the fittest; the significance of the responses to scientific and non-religious explanations, such as evolution and survival of the fittest, for Hindus today, including interpretations of Rig Veda 10.129. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 1F: Judaism - Section 1: Jewish Beliefs

    1.1 The nature of the Almighty: how the characteristics of the Almighty are shown in the Torah, and why they are important in Jewish life today, including One, Creator, Law-Giver and Judge, including reference to Genesis 2., 1.5 The Covenant at Sinai: the nature and history of the Covenant at Sinai (the Ten Commandments), including Exodus 20; the role and significance of Moses in the Covenant at Sinai; divergent understandings of how and why the Decalogue is important in Jewish life today., 1.4 The covenant with Abraham and his descendants: the nature and history of the Abrahamic covenant; the role of Abraham in the covenant, including Genesis 17; why the Promised Land covenanted to Abraham and his descendants is important for Jews today. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 1B: Christianity - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.8 Christian teachings about gender prejudice and discrimination: Christian opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination including Galatians 3:23–29; examples of Christian opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination; divergent Christian attitudes to gender differences, including the role of women in the Church, prejudice and discrimination and Christian responses to them., 2.3 Christian teachings about the purpose and importance of the family: procreation, security and education of children, with reference to Ephesians 6:1–4; divergent Christian responses to different types of family within 21st-century society (nuclear, single parent, same-sex parents, extended and blended families)., 2.1 The importance and purpose of marriage for Christians: Christian teachings about the significance of marriage in Christian life; the purpose of marriage for Christians, including Mark 10:6–9; divergent Christian and non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to the importance of marriage in society, including the sanctity of marriage, a lack of importance, cohabitation and Christian responses to these attitudes. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 1D: Buddhism - Section 1: Buddhist Beliefs

    1.5 Third Noble Truth, including reference to the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: the nature of nirodha and the cessation of tanha; Buddhist teachings about the ending of desire; the nature of the cycle of samsara; different understandings of nibbana and enlightenment and their importance for Buddhists today., 1.4 Second Noble Truth, including reference to Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: the nature of samudaya (the root of suffering); Buddhist teachings about the causes of suffering, including the Sermon at Benares; the Three Poisons and how they are represented in the Wheel of Life; divergent understandings of the Wheel of Life, with reference to Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism., 1.2 Dhamma: the nature and different meaning of dhamma ( dependent origination /conditionality) ; the nature and importance of paticca-samuppada and the Three Marks of Existence, including reference to the Story of Nagasena and the Chariot in the Milinda Panha; suffering (dukkha), no fixed self (anicca) and soul or essence (anatta); the implications of belief in dhamma for Buddhists today. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 2G: Sikhism - Section 3: Living the Sikh Life

    3.7 Gurpurbs and commemorations: divergent understandings of the nature, history and purpose of gurpurbs and commemorations; why they are important for Sikhs today. The origins and meaning of gurpurbs, including Guru Nanak’s birthday, Vaisakhi, including reference to the account of the events found in Gurbilas Patshahi 10. Divali: the origins and meaning of commemorations, including the martyrdom of Guru Arjan and Guru Tagh Bahadur Ji., 3.1 Features of the gurdwara: the nature, history and purpose of the design of the Gurdwara as the ‘Door/Gate of the Guru’, including Rahit Maryada Chapters 4–6; how and why objects of devotion are used within the gurdwara: Guru Granth Sahib, takht, chanani, chaur, the langar hall, four doors, and the Nishan Sahib; divergent understandings of the importance of these features in Sikh life today., 3.2 The gurdwara: the role and importance of the gurdwara within the Sikh community including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 1391; activities that take place within the gurdwara and why; the nature and importance of visiting Sikh historical gurdwaras: the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar (the Golden Temple); divergent understandings of the importance of making such visits, including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 4. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2F: Judaism - Section 3: Living the Jewish Life

    3.3 The nature and purpose of prayer in the home and of private prayer: the nature, features and purpose of prayer three times a day; the importance of having different forms of prayers, including interpretations of Psalms 55:16–23 ., 3.1 The nature and purpose of Jewish public acts of worship: the nature, features and purpose of Jewish public worship, including interpretations of Psalms 116:12–19 ; the nature, features and importance of synagogue services for the Jewish community and the individual., 3.2 The Tenakh and the Talmud: the nature, features, purpose and significance of the Tenakh (the written law) and Talmud (the oral law) for Jews in daily life today with reference to Perkei Avot 2; the nature and purpose of Jewish laws food laws, kashrut, including kosher and treifah and the separation of dairy and meat, including reference to Deuteronomy 14:3–10 ; the divergent implications of the Jewish food laws for Jews today. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 1A: Catholic Christianity - Section 3: Living the Catholic Life

    3.2 Liturgical worship within Catholic Christianity: the nature and significance of the Mass for Catholics, including its structure and the Eucharist as the ‘source and summit of Christian life’, with reference to Lumen Gentium paragraph 7 ; divergent Christian attitudes towards the practice and meaning of liturgical worship, including its significance for Catholics and the less structured worship in evangelical Christian denominations., 3.6 Pilgrimage: the nature, history and purpose of Catholic pilgrimage; the significance of the places people go on pilgrimage; divergent Christian understandings about whether pilgrimage is important for Christians today, with specific reference to Jerusalem, Lourdes, Rome, Walsingham and the Catechism of the Catholic Church 2691–2696., 3.5 The role and importance of forms of popular piety: the nature and significance of the Rosary, Eucharistic adoration and Stations of the Cross; how each of these might be used and why; the importance of having different types of worship for Catholics, including reference to Catechism of the Catholic Church 1674–1676; divergent Christian attitudes to these forms of piety. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1E: Hinduism - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.4 Support for the family in the local Hindu community: how and why the community tries to support families (with reference to Bhagavad Gita 1.37–43), including through worship, rites of passage, festivals and counselling; the importance of the support of the local Hindu community for Hindu families today., 2.6 Hindu teachings and attitudes towards divorce and remarriage: Hindu teachings about divorce and remarriage, including reference to the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 (India) and arguments used to support or reject divorce; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to divorce and remarriage, including the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Hindu responses to them., 2.8 Hindu teachings about gender prejudice and discrimination: Hindu opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination, including interpretations of Bhagavad Gita 6.29–32; examples of gender equality in action in Hinduism. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 3B: Christianity - Section 1: Christian Beliefs

    1.2 The creation of the universe and of humanity: the biblical account of creation and divergent ways in which it may be understood by Christians, including as literal and metaphorical; the role of the Word and Spirit in creation, including John 1:1–18 and Genesis 1–3; the importance of creation for Christians today., 1.1 The Trinity: the nature and significance of the Trinity as expressed in the Nicene Creed; the nature and significance of the oneness of God; the nature and significance of each of the Persons individually: including reference to Matthew 3:13–17; how this is reflected in Christian worship and belief today., 1.6 Christian eschatology: divergent Christian teachings about life after death, including the nature and significance of resurrection, judgement, heaven, and hell and purgatory, with reference to the 39 Articles of Religion and Catholic teachings; how beliefs about life after death are shown in the Bible, including reference to 2 Corinthians 5:1–10 and divergent understandings as to why they are important for Christians today. +3 more

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    Area of Study 3B: Christianity - Section 4: Equality

    4.3 Christian attitudes towards religious freedom: Christian teachings and responses to the nature of religious freedom, including reference to the Catechism of the Catholic Church 1738 and 1747; the response of the Church to a multi-faith society; the benefits and challenges for Christians living in a multi-faith society; Christian responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) against aspects of religious freedom., 4.4 Christian attitudes to prejudice and discrimination: Christian teachings and responses to the nature of prejudice and discrimination and the problems they cause; Christian teachings on why prejudice and discrimination against religions is wrong, including reference to Galatians 2:1–10., 4.1 Christian teaching on human rights: Christian teachings and responses to the nature, history and purpose of human rights; the importance of human rights and why Christians might support them, including Proverbs 14:31 ; divergent Christian responses to the need for and application of individual human rights, including the support offered by situation ethics; Christian responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments about human rights. +3 more

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    Area of Study 3C: Islam - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.1 Revelation as proof of the existence of Allah; the Qur’an as revelation; revelation as shown in the Qur’an as direct (Surah 34:46–50) or through a messenger; divergent understandings of what revelation shows about the nature of Allah for Muslims., 2.4 Muslim attitudes towards religious experiences and their use as philosophical arguments for the existence of Allah: the nature of a religious experience; Surah 2:118; divergent understandings of the nature and importance of religious experiences in Islam, with reference to Sunni, Shi’a and Sufi Islam; Muslim responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments that religious experiences do not provide proof that Allah exists., 2.2 Visions as proof of the existence of Allah: the nature and importance of visions in Islam; Qur’anic examples of visions, including Surah 19:16–22; reasons why they might lead to belief in the existence of Allah, and Muslim responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) which maintain that visions are hallucinations and provide no proof that Allah exists; divergent understandings of what visions show about the nature of Allah for Muslims, with reference to Sunni, Shi’a and Sufi Islam. +3 more

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    Area of Study 3B: Christianity - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.4 Christian attitudes towards religious experiences and their use as philosophical arguments for the existence of God: the nature of a religious experience and why it might be regarded as revelation, including reference to Exodus 3; Christian responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments that religious experiences do not provide proof that God exists., 2.2 Visions as proof of the existence of God: the nature and importance of visions for Christians; biblical and non-biblical examples of visions, including Genesis 15 and Matthew 17:1–13; reasons why they might lead to belief in the existence of God and Christian responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) which maintain that visions are hallucinations and provide no proof that God exists; divergent understandings of what visions show about the nature of God for Christians., 2.1 Revelation as proof of the existence of God; revelation as shown in the Bible, including in the covenants with Noah and Abraham, and through Jesus, including Hebrews 1:1–4; divergent understandings of what revelation shows about the nature of God for Christians. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 2C: Islam - Section 1: Muslim Beliefs

    1.5 Muslim holy books (Kutub) – the nature, history, significance and purpose of Muslim holy books with reference to: the Qur’an; the Tawrat (Torah), including Surah 5:43–48; the Zabur (Psalms), including Surah 4:163–171; the Injil (Gospel), including Surah 57:27; and the Sahifah (Scrolls). Divergent Muslim views about the importance of the holy books in their lives today., 1.2 The Five Roots of ‘Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam: Tawhid (oneness of Allah); 'Adl (Divine Justice); Nubuwwah (Prophethood); Imamah (Successors to Muhammad) and Mi'ad (The Day of Judgment and the Resurrection); the nature, history and purpose of the Five Roots with reference to their Qur’anic basis, including Surah 112 (the oneness of Allah); the importance of these principles for different Shi’a communities today, including Sevener and Twelver., 1.7 al-Qadr: the nature and importance of Predestination for Muslims; how al-Qadr and human freedom relates to the Day of Judgement, including reference to Sahih al- Bukhari 78:685; divergent understandings of predestination in Sunni and Shi’a Islam; the implications of belief in al-Qadr for Muslims today. +4 more

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    Area of Study 3F: Judaism - Section 1: Jewish Beliefs

    1.5 The Covenant at Sinai: the nature and history of the Covenant at Sinai (the Ten Commandments), including Exodus 20 ; the role and significance of Moses in the Covenant at Sinai; divergent understandings of how and why the Decalogue is important in Jewish life today., 1.4 The covenant with Abraham and his descendants: the nature and history of the Abrahamic covenant; the role of Abraham in the covenant, including Genesis 17 ; why the Promised Land covenanted to Abraham and his descendants is important for Jews today., 1.1 The nature of the Almighty: how the characteristics of the Almighty are shown in the Torah, and why they are important in Jewish life today, including One, Creator, Law-Giver and Judge, including reference to Genesis 2 . +1 more

    4 objectives4 subtopics

    Area of Study 2G: Sikhism - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.6 Sikh attitudes to Holy War: Sikh teachings about war and peace as shown in the Guru Granth Sahib; Sikh teachings about war with specific reference to the concept of the saint-soldier, including Bhai Nand’s Tankah Nama, and teachings about not killing and when fighting is a person’s duty; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes towards Holy War and Sikh responses to them., 4.8 Sikh responses to issues surrounding conflict: Sikh teachings and responses to the nature of problems involved in conflict – violence, war and terrorism, including links to the Five Thieves and Guru Granth Sahib 1330; how Sikhs have worked to overcome these issues; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) views towards the issues surrounding conflict and Sikh responses to them., 4.1 Sikh attitudes towards peace: Sikh teachings about the nature and importance of peace, including Guru Granth Sahib 671; how these may be understood and applied differently in the life of a Sikh. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 1D: Buddhism - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.1 Buddhist teachings about the origins and value of the universe: Buddhist responses to scientific explanations for the origins of the universe, including the origins having no significance and reference to The Universe in a Single Atom Chapter 4 by the XIV Dalai Lama; the value of the universe and the natural world in Buddhism; divergent Buddhist responses to and teachings on the possible view that the universe is to be used as a commodity., 4.7 Implications of Buddhist teachings about the value and sanctity of life for the issue of euthanasia: Buddhist teachings about the nature and use of euthanasia including Vakkali Sutta; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments surrounding its use, including the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Buddhist responses to them including support for hospice care, including the Buddhist Hospice Trust., 4.3 Buddhist responses to scientific and non-religious explanations about the origins and value of human life, including evolution and survival of the fittest, including interpretations of Cula-Malunkyovada Sutta; divergent understandings of the significance of the responses to scientific and non-religious explanations, such as evolution and survival of the fittest, for Buddhists today. +3 more

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    Area of Study 1G: Sikhism - Section 3: Living the Sikh Life

    3.7 Gurpurbs and commemorations: divergent understandings of the nature, history and purpose of gurpurbs and commemorations; why they are important for Sikhs today. The origins and meaning of gurpurbs, including Guru Nanak’s birthday, Vaisakhi, including reference to the account of the events found in Gurbilas Patshahi 10. Divali: the origins and meaning of commemorations, including the martyrdom of Guru Arjan and Guru Tagh Bahadur Ji., 3.3 Langar: the history of langar including Guru Granth Sahib 967; the nature and purposes of langar; the significance of langar for Sikhs today, especially as an expression of sewa., 3.2 The gurdwara: the role and importance of the gurdwara within the Sikh community including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 1391; activities that take place within the gurdwara and why; the nature and importance of visiting Sikh historical gurdwaras: the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar (the Golden Temple); divergent understandings of the importance of making such visits, including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 4. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1F: Judaism - Section 3: Living the Jewish Life

    3.3 The nature and purpose of prayer in the home and of private prayer: the nature, features and purpose of prayer three times a day; the importance of having different forms of prayers, including interpretations of Psalms 55:16–23 ., 3.1 The nature and purpose of Jewish public acts of worship: the nature, features and purpose of Jewish public worship, including interpretations of Psalms 116:12–19 ; the nature, features and importance of synagogue services for the Jewish community and the individual., 3.7 Jewish festivals: the nature, history, purpose and significance of Jewish festivals; the origins and meaning of specific festivals, including Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesach, Shavuot and Sukkot, including interpretations of Leviticus 23 (Rosh Hashanah); divergent understandings of why festivals are important to different forms of Orthodox and Reform Judaism today . +4 more

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    Area of Study 3G: Sikhism - Section 1: Sikh Beliefs

    1.4 Sikh beliefs about life after death: the nature of karma, rebirth and mukti (liberation); how they are shown in the Guru Granth Sahib, including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 2, 11 and 78; divergent understandings of how and why karma, rebirth and mukti are important for Sikh life today., 1.5 Purpose of life: the nature and importance of being gurmukh (God-centred) not manmukh (self-centred) and the elimination of haumai (ego/pride), including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 125 and 226; what actions make a gurmukh Sikh; divergent understandings of why being gurmukh and eliminating haumai is important in Sikh life today., 1.1 The nature of God: how the characteristics of God are shown in the Mool Mantar, Guru Granth Sahib 1, and why the characteristics are important and why the Mool Mantar is significant for Sikhs. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1E: Hinduism - Section 3: Living the Hindu Life

    3.4 The nature and purpose of prayer in the temple and the home: the nature, features of use and purpose of the different forms of worship, including meditation, puja, havan, darshan, arti, bhajan, kirtan and japa, with reference to interpretations of Bhagavad Gita 6.44–47 ; divergent understandings of the benefits for Hindus of having different forms of worship., 3.7 Hindu environmental projects: divergent understandings of the nature, purpose and significance of environmental care for Hindus; the importance of care for rivers and sacred places for Hindus; how Hindus care for the environment, examples of what they do and why, including reference to cow protection and interpretations of Rig Veda 10.87.16–19., 3.6 Hindu pilgrimage: the nature, history and purpose of Hindu pilgrimages; the significance of the places Hindus go on pilgrimage; divergent understandings of why pilgrimage may, or may not be, important for Hindus today; the nature, features, history and importance of pilgrimage to the Ganges, including interpretations of Rig Veda 10.75, Vrindavana and Varanasi. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1B: Christianity - Section 1: Christian Beliefs

    1.2 The creation of the universe and of humanity: the biblical account of creation and divergent ways in which it may be understood by Christians, including as literal and metaphorical; the role of the Word and Spirit in creation, including John 1:1–18 and Genesis 1–3; the importance of creation for Christians today., 1.7 The problem of evil/suffering and a loving and righteous God: the problems it raises for Christians about the nature of God, including reference to omnipotence and benevolence, including Psalm 103; how the problem may cause believers to question their faith or the existence of God; the nature and examples of natural suffering, moral suffering., 1.4 The last days of Jesus’ life: the Last Supper, betrayal, arrest, trial, crucifixion, resurrection and ascension of Jesus; the accounts of these within the Bible, including Luke 22–24 and the significance of these events to understanding the person of Jesus Christ. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1F: Judaism - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.2 Jewish teachings about the value of life: how life is shown as special in the Tenakh, including reference to being created in the image of the Almighty as shown in Genesis 1–3; divergent Jewish teachings on the value of life; the significance of sanctity of life for Jews today., 4.3 Jewish responses to scientific and non-religious explanations about the origins of human life, such as evolution and survival of the fittest, including Genesis 1:26–31; the significance of the responses to scientific and non-religious explanations, such as evolution and survival of the fittest, for Jews today., 4.8 Jewish responses to issues in the natural world: Jewish responses to threats to the world, including pollution, global warming and the use of natural resources; Jewish teachings about environmental care, specifically stewardship and humanity’s role as stewards, including reference to Psalm 24:1–3 and The Jewish Declaration on Nature – Assisi 1986; divergent Jewish responses to animal rights, animal experimentation and the use of animals for food, including the application of ethical theories such as utilitarianism. +3 more

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    Area of Study 3F: Judaism - Section 4: Equality

    4.8 Jewish attitudes towards wealth and poverty: Jewish teachings and responses to the nature and causes of poverty in the UK and in the world, including absolute and relative; Jewish teachings about wealth and poverty, including Deuteronomy 14:22–29., 4.4 Jewish attitudes to prejudice and discrimination: Jewish teachings and responses to the nature of prejudice and discrimination and the problems they cause, including reference to Proverbs 24:23; links to situation ethics; Jewish teachings on why prejudice and discrimination against religions is wrong, including reference to anti- Semitism and the Holocaust., 4.3 Jewish attitudes towards religious freedom: Jewish teachings and responses to the nature of religious freedom, including the story of Esther; the response of Jews to a multi-faith society; the benefits and challenges for Jews living in a multi-faith society; Jewish responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) against aspects of religious freedom.

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    Area of Study 3E: Hinduism - Section 3: Living the Hindu Life

    3.3 The importance of Hindu places of worship: the nature, features of, use, and purpose of worship in different places, including in the temple, in the home, outside, shrines and festival celebration and in the space of the heart, with reference to interpretations of Bhagavad Gita 9.13–27 ; the benefits for Hindus of having different places to worship in., 3.1 The nature and purpose of Hindu yoga: the nature and purpose of different forms of yoga, karma yoga (action), jnana yoga (knowledge), astanga/raja yoga (meditation) and bhakti yoga (devotion); examples of when each form of yoga might be used, how and why; the importance of having different types of yoga; reference to Bhagavad Gita 6.44–47., 3.5 Hindu sacred festivals: the nature, history, purpose and significance of Hindu sacred festivals; the origins and meaning of specific festivals, including Diwali, Holi, Navratri Dussehra, Ram Navami, Ratha-yatra, Janmashtami, and Raksha Bandhan, including interpretations of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.3.28. +4 more

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    Area of Study 3G: Sikhism - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.7 Cosmological argument: the cosmological argument for the existence of God and its use in Sikhism as a philosophical argument for the existence of God; what the cosmological argument shows about the nature of God in Sikhism, including Guru Granth Sahib 1; divergent understandings of the strengths and challenges of the cosmological argument in Sikhism; Sikh responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments against the cosmological argument as evidence for the existence of God., 2.6 Design argument: the design argument and its use in Sikhism as a philosophical argument for the existence of God and what it shows about the nature of God; divergent understandings of the nature and importance of the design argument for the existence of God in Sikhism, including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 463; Sikh responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments against the design argument as evidence for the existence of God., 2.3 Sikh attitudes towards numinous experiences and enlightenment: Sikh teachings and responses to the nature and importance of numinous experiences and enlightenment; scriptural examples, including Guru Granth Sahib 448–1–7 and non- religious examples of numinous experiences; reasons why they might lead to belief in the existence of God for Sikhs; Humanist and atheist responses to numinous experiences and enlightenment and Sikh responses to them. +2 more

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    Area of Study 2A: Catholic Christianity - Section 3: Living the Catholic Life

    3.5 The role and importance of forms of popular piety: the nature and significance of of the Rosary, Eucharistic adoration and Stations of the Cross; how each of these might be used and why; the importance of having different types of worship for Catholics, including reference to Catechism of the Catholic Church 1674–1676; divergent Christian attitudes to these forms of piety., 3.2 Liturgical worship within Catholic Christianity: the nature and significance of the Mass for Catholics, including its structure and the Eucharist as the ‘source and summit of Christian life’, with reference to Lumen Gentium paragraph 7; divergent Christian attitudes towards the practice and meaning of liturgical worship, including its significance for Catholics and the less structured worship in evangelical Christian denominations., 3.7 Catholic Social Teaching: how Catholic Social Teaching reflects the teaching to show love of neighbour; Catholic teaching on justice, peace and reconciliation, Evangelii Gaudium paragraphs 182–237 – The inclusion of the poor in society; how these teachings might be reflected in the lives of individual Catholics, including reference to Matthew 25:31–46 (the Parable of the Sheep and Goats); the work of CAFOD, what it does and why. +3 more

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    Area of Study 1D: Buddhism - Section 3: Living the Buddhist Life

    3.4 Features of Buddhist places of worship: the divergent nature, history and design of Buddhist places of worship, including temples, gompas, viharas, shrines in Theravada, Mahayana and Triratna Buddhism; how and why the places of worship are used, including reference to the shrine room, shrine facing east, and the library, showing the importance of learning with reference to the Kimsila Sutta., 3.2 Chanting: the nature, purpose and role of chanting in Buddhism as a devotional practice and to gain mental concentration, including Dhammapada 1–2 , confidence and joy. The divergent understandings of the importance of chanting in Buddhist life today: Theravada Buddhism, including Tiratana Buddhism, with reference to Dhammapada 190, and Mahayana Buddhism, including Nam Myoho Renge Kyo., 3.8 Festivals and retreats: the divergent nature, history, purpose and importance of festivals and retreats in Buddhism; divergent understandings of the origins, meaning and features of celebration of specific festivals and retreats, including Wesak, Vassa/Rain Retreat and Kathina, with reference to the Anapanasati Sutta, and Uposatha days in Theravada Buddhism; Hanamatsuri and Obon (Japanese), Parinibbana Day in Mahayana Buddhism, and Lama Tsong Khapa Day in Tibet. +2 more

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    Area of Study 1F: Judaism - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.3 Jewish teachings about the purpose and importance of the family: Jewish teachings about the purpose of family – procreation; security and education of children with reference to Psalm 127:3–5; divergent Jewish and non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) responses to the purpose of the family; different types of family within 21st-century society (nuclear, single parent, same-sex parents, extended and blended families)., 2.2 Jewish teachings about the nature and importance of sexual relationships: Jewish teachings about sexual relationships, including Genesis 1:26–31 and Song of Songs; divergent Jewish teachings and attitudes towards sexual relationships outside of marriage and same-sex sexual relationships; different non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to sexual relationships, including the acceptance of sexual relationships outside marriage and same-sex sexual relationships and Jewish responses to them., 2.8 Jewish teachings about gender prejudice and discrimination: Jewish opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination, including The Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty (1992 The Knesset); examples of gender equality in action in Judaism. +2 more

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    Area of Study 2E: Hinduism - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.7 Hindu teachings about the treatment of criminals: Hindu teachings about the treatment of criminals, including Mahabharata 13.117; divergent Hindu attitudes towards the use of torture, human rights, fair trial and trial by jury; the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, which may accept the use of torture if it is for the greater good., 2.6 Hindu teachings about forgiveness: Hindu teachings and responses about the nature of forgiveness; how offenders are forgiven by the community and why this is needed; Hindu teachings and responses to the nature and use of restorative justice and why it is important for criminals, including Mahabharata 3.29., 2.3 Hindu teachings about good, evil and suffering: Hindu teachings about the nature of good actions and how they are rewarded, and teachings about the nature of evil actions and how they are punished, including Bhagavata Purana 4; non-religious attitudes (including atheist and Humanist) about why people suffer, including believing in religion, and Hindu responses to them; divergent Hindu teachings about why people suffer. +3 more

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    Area of Study 1A: Catholic Christianity - Section 1: Catholic Beliefs

    1.7 The significance of the life, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus for Catholic beliefs about salvation and grace, including John 3:10–21 and Acts 4:8–12; the implications and significance of these events for Catholic practice today., 1.1 The Trinity: the nature and significance of the Trinity as expressed in the Nicene Creed; the nature and significance of the oneness of God; the nature and significance of each of the Persons individually: God as the Father, Son and Holy Spirit; how this is reflected in worship and belief in the life of a Catholic today., 1.3 Creation: the nature and significance of the biblical account of Creation, including Genesis 1–3; and how it may be understood in divergent ways in Christianity, including reference to literal and metaphorical interpretations; the significance of the Creation account for Catholics in understanding the nature and characteristics of God, especially as Creator, benevolent, omnipotent and eternal. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1B: Christianity - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.3 Christian responses to scientific and non-religious explanations about the origins and value of human life, such as evolution and survival of the fittest, including Special Agenda IV Diocesan Synod motions compatibility of science and Christian belief (Diocese of Manchester); the significance of the responses to scientific and non-religious explanations, such as evolution and survival of the fittest, for Christians today., 4.6 Christian responses to non-religious arguments against life after death: why Christians reject arguments against belief in life after death (including as a source of comfort, lack of evidence, fraudulent accounts and social control), including 1 Peter 3:18–22., 4.2 Christian teachings about the sanctity of life: why human life is holy; how the Bible can be interpreted to show life as special, including reference to being created in the image of God as shown in Genesis 1–3; the importance of sanctity of life for Christians today. +4 more

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    Area of Study 2F: Judaism - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.1 Jewish attitudes towards peace: divergent teachings about the the importance of peace for Jews; Jewish teachings about peace, including Deuteronomy 20:10–12., 4.3 Jewish attitudes to conflict: Jewish teachings and responses to the nature and causes of conflict; Jewish responses to the causes, including Isaiah 2:1–5 and links to situation ethics; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes about the role of religion in the causes of conflict and Jewish responses to them., 4.7 Jewish attitudes to weapons of mass destruction (WMD): Jewish teachings and responses to the problems and benefits of WMD; Jewish attitudes towards the use of such weapons, including the concept of Purity of Arms and interpretations of Deuteronomy 20; non-religious attitudes (including atheist and Humanist) and the application of ethical theories (such as utilitarianism) which support the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction, and Jewish responses to them. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1B: Christianity - Section 3: Living the Christian Life

    3.2 The role of the sacraments in Christian life and their practice in two denominations: the role of the sacraments/ordinance as a whole; the nature and importance of the meaning and celebration of baptism and the Eucharist in at least two denominations, including reference to the 39 Articles XXV–XXXVI; divergent Christian attitudes towards the use and number of sacraments in Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant traditions., 3.7 The role and importance of the local church in the local community: how and why it helps the individual believer and the local area; local parish activities, including interpretations of 1 Peter 5:1–4, ecumenism, outreach work, the centre of Christian identity and worship through living practices., 3.4 Pilgrimage: the nature, history and purpose of pilgrimage, including interpretations of Luke 2:41–43; the significance of the places people go on pilgrimage; divergent Christian teachings about whether pilgrimage is important for Christians today, with specific reference to Catholic and Protestant understandings; the activities associated with, and significance of, Jerusalem, Iona, Taize and Walsingham. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1C: Islam - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.2 Muslim teachings about the sanctity of life: Muslim teachings about why human life is holy; how life is shown as special in the Qur’an, including Surah 5:32 and 4:29; Muslim teachings on the sanctity of life; divergent understandings of the importance of sanctity of life for Muslims today., 4.5 Muslim responses to the existence of death and the afterlife: Muslim teachings and beliefs that support the existence of a life after death with reference to the Qur’an, including Surah 28:60–80; divergent Muslim responses to arguments for life after death (including remembered lives, paranormal, logic, reward, comfort and meeting loved ones); the significance of arguments for belief in life after death for Muslims., 4.7 Implications of Muslim teachings about the value and sanctity of life for the issue of euthanasia: Muslim teachings about the nature and use of euthanasia; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments surrounding its use; the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Muslim responses to them, including Surah 2:153–156 and support for hospice care. +4 more

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    Area of Study 2G: Sikhism - Section 1: Sikh Beliefs

    1.8 Sangat: the nature and history of the sangat; divergent understandings of why the sangat is important for Sikhs, including Guru Granth Sahib 1316; the concept of Sat Sangat and divergent understandings of its significance for Sikhs; problems for Sikhs living without a sangat., 1.3 The nature of human life: the purpose and significance of life as an opportunity to unite with God; Sikh understandings of why uniting with God is important; how uniting with God will affect their lives, including Guru Granth Sahib 12., 1.6 The oneness of humanity: how the equality of all humans is shown in the Guru Granth Sahib, including Guru Granth Sahib 349; how equality is shown in stories from the lives of the Gurus, including the example of Mai Bhago and the appointment of women as teachers; and how equality is shown in Sikh life today; how and why complete equality of men and women is important for Sikhs today. +4 more

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    Area of Study 3A: Catholic Christianity - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.6 Cosmological argument: the cosmological argument for the existence of God and its use by Catholics as a philosophical argument for the existence of God, including reference to Thomas Aquinas' First Three Ways of showing God's existence; divergent understandings of the nature and importance of what the cosmological argument shows about the nature of God for Catholics; Catholic responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments against the cosmological argument as evidence for the existence of God., 2.7 Issues raised by the existence of suffering and God as all-loving: the issues it raises for Catholics about the nature of God, including Isaiah 45; how the problem and its basis as a philosophical argument may lead some to examine and others to reject their belief in God., 2.8 The solutions offered to the problem of suffering and a loving and righteous God within Catholicism: biblical, theoretical and practical responses – Psalms, including reference to Psalm 119, Job, free will (St Augustine), as a way for humans to develop (St Irenaeus), prayer, and charity; divergent understandings within Christianity of their success in solving the problem. +3 more

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    Area of Study 3C: Islam - Section 1: Muslim Beliefs

    1.1 The Six Beliefs of Islam: their nature, history and purpose, including Kitab al-iman 1:4; how they are understood and expressed in Sunni and Shi’a Muslim communities today; the importance of these principles for Muslims., 1.8 Akhirah: Muslim teachings about life after death; the nature of judgement, paradise and hell; how they are shown in the Qur’an, including Surah 17:49–72; divergent ways in which Muslim teachings about life after death affect the life of a Muslim today., 1.3 The nature of Allah: how the characteristics of Allah are shown in the Qur’an and why they are important; Tawhid (oneness), including Surah 16:35–36, immanence, transcendence, omnipotence, beneficence, mercy, fairness and justice, Adalat in Shi’a Islam. +2 more

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    Area of Study 2C: Islam - Section 3: Living the Muslim Life

    3.7 Jihad: the origins, meaning and significance of Jihad in Islam; divergent understandings of Jihad within Islam, including the difference between lesser and greater Jihad; the conditions for declaration of lesser Jihad, including reference to Surah 2:190–194 and 22:39; the importance of Jihad in the life of Muslims., 3.8 The nature, origins, activities, meaning and significance of the celebration/ commemoration of Id-ul-Adha, with reference to Surah 37:77–111, and Id-ul-Fitr in Sunni Islam, with reference to their place within Shi’a Islam; and Id-ul-Ghadeer, with reference to Hadith and the interpretation of Surah 5:3, and Ashura in Shi’a Islam, with reference to their place within Sunni Islam., 3.6 Hajj as one of the Five Pillars: the nature, role, origins and significance of Hajj, including Surah 2:124–130 and 22:25–30; how Hajj is performed and why Hajj is important for Muslims; benefits and challenges of performing Hajj for Muslims. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1A: Catholic Christianity - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.1 The importance and purpose of marriage for Catholics: the significance of marriage in Catholic life; Catholic teachings about marriage, including Not Just Good, But Beautiful by Pope Francis; divergent Christian, non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to the importance of marriage in society, including the sanctity of marriage, a lack of importance, cohabitation and the Catholic responses to these attitudes., 2.3 Catholic teaching about the purpose and importance of the family: procreation; security and education of children; Catholic responses to the different types of family within 21st-century society (nuclear, single parent, same-sex parents, extended and blended families), including Familiaris Consortio 36–85., 2.4 Support for the family in the local Catholic parish: how and why the local parish tries to support families, including through family worship, the sacraments, classes for parents, groups for children and counselling, with reference to the Family Group Movement and Catechism of the Catholic Church 2226; the importance of the support of the local parish for Catholic families today. +4 more

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    Area of Study 3A: Catholic Christianity - Section 4: Equality

    4.8 Catholic attitudes towards wealth and poverty: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature and causes of poverty in the UK and in the world, including absolute and relative; Catholic teachings about wealth and poverty, including biblical examples such as Matthew 25:31–47 and links to virtue ethics., 4.4 Catholic attitudes to prejudice and discrimination: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature of prejudice and discrimination and the problems they cause, including links to situation ethics; Catholic teachings on why prejudice and discrimination against religions is wrong, including reference to Catechism of the Catholic Church 1934–1935., 4.1 Catholic teaching on human rights: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature, history and purpose of human rights; the importance of human rights and why Catholics might support them, including T he Common Good and the Catholic Church's Social Teaching 36–37 ; divergent Christian responses to the need for and application of individual human rights, including the support offered by situation ethics; Catholic responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments about human rights. +4 more

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    Area of Study 2E: Hinduism - Section 3: Living the Hindu Life

    3.8 Hindu charity work: the nature and purpose of charity for Hindus; Hindu teachings about charity; the work of one named Hindu charity working to promote wellbeing, social inclusion and women’s rights, what it does and why, including interpretations of Bhagavad Gita 3.10–12 ., 3.6 Hindu pilgrimage: the nature, history and purpose of Hindu pilgrimages; the significance of the places Hindus go on pilgrimage; divergent understandings of why pilgrimage may, or may not be, important for Hindus today; the nature, features, history and importance of pilgrimage to the Ganges, including interpretations of Rig Veda 10.75, Vrindavana and Varanasi., 3.1 The nature and purpose of Hindu yoga: the nature and purpose of different forms of yoga: karma yoga (action), jnana yoga (knowledge), astanga/raja yoga (meditation) and bhakti yoga (devotion); examples of when each form of yoga might be used, how and why; the importance of having different types of yoga; reference to Bhagavad Gita 6.44–47. +2 more

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    Area of Study 3A: Catholic Christianity - Section 1: Catholic Beliefs

    1.2 Biblical understandings of God as a Trinity of Persons: the nature and significance of God as a Trinity of Persons, including reference to the baptism of Jesus (Matthew 3:13–17); the historical development of the doctrine of the Trinity, including reference to the First Council of Nicaea and the First Council of Constantinople., 1.5 The Incarnation: Jesus as incarnate Son, the divine Word, both fully God and fully human; the scriptural origins of this belief, including John 1:1–18 and its importance for Catholics today., 1.8 Catholic beliefs about eschatology: life after death; the nature of resurrection, judgement, heaven, hell and purgatory, including reference to John 11:17–27 and 2 Corinthians 5:1–10 ; divergent Christian beliefs about life after death, with reference to purgatory and the nature of resurrection; why belief in life after death is important for Catholics today. +2 more

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    Area of Study 2B: Christianity - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.7 Christian teachings about the treatment of criminals: biblical teachings about the treatment of criminals, including Proverbs 31:8–9; divergent Christian attitudes towards the use of torture, human rights, fair trial and trial by jury; the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, which may accept the use of torture if it is for the greater good., 2.4 Christian attitudes towards punishment : the nature of punishment; divergent Christian attitudes towards the use of punishment, the nature and meaning of biblical teachings about punishment, including Luke 12:35–48; Christian teachings on why punishment can be regarded as justice and why punishment might be needed in society., 2.3 Christian teachings about good, evil and suffering: Christian teachings about the nature of good actions and how they are rewarded, and teachings about the nature of evil actions; non-religious attitudes (including atheist and Humanist) about why people suffer, including believing in religion, and Christian responses to them; divergent Christian teachings about why people suffer, including the Parable of the Sheep and Goats (Matthew 25:31–46). +3 more

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    Area of Study 1E: Hinduism - Section 1: Hindu Beliefs

    1.4 Manifestations of the Divine: the nature and importance of how the deities are shown in Hindu scriptures; avatars and murti; the nature and role of male deities: divergent understandings of the importance of Vishnu (including Rig Veda 1.22) and Shiva; the nature and role of the female force, Shakti, including Parvati and Lakshmi., 1.1 The nature of Brahman: The nature of Brahman as spirit, ultimate reality or absolute truth; how the characteristics of Brahman are shown in Hindu scriptures, including Katha Upanishad 2.2.6–8., 1.2 The nature and importance of understanding Brahman as Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman: how Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman are shown in Hindu scripture, for example Nirguna (Taittiriya Upanishad 2.7.1–2) and Saguna (Rig Veda 1.154.1–2); the nature and importance of Vaikuntha (spiritual worlds); divergent ways in which belief in each may be expressed in the life of Hindus today. +4 more

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    Area of Study 3B: Christianity - Section 3: Living the Christian Life

    3.8 The role and importance of the Church in the worldwide community: how and why it works for reconciliation and the problems faced by the persecuted Church; divergent Christian responses to teachings about charity, including 1 Corinthians 13 and Matthew 25:31–46; the work of Christian Aid, what it does and why., 3.2 The role of the sacraments in Christian life and their practice in two denominations: the role of the sacraments/ordinance as a whole; the nature and importance of the meaning and celebration of baptism and the Eucharist in at least two denominations, including reference to the 39 Articles XXV – XXXVI; divergent Christian attitudes towards the use and number of sacraments in Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant traditions., 3.4 Pilgrimage: the nature, history and purpose of pilgrimage, including interpretations Luke 2:41–43; the significance of the places people go on pilgrimage; divergent Christian teachings about whether pilgrimage is important for Christians today, with specific reference to Catholic and Protestant understandings; the activities associated with, and significance of, Jerusalem, Iona, Taize and Walsingham. +2 more

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    Area of Study 2C: Islam - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.1 Muslim attitudes towards peace: Muslim teachings about the nature and importance of peace, including Surah 25:63; Muslim understandings about Islam as a religion of peace and how this may be understood in the life of a Muslim., 4.8 Issues surrounding conflict: divergent Muslim teachings and responses to the nature of problems involved in conflict – violence, war and terrorism; how Muslims have worked to overcome these issues, including Malik's Muwatta 21.3.10; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) views towards the issues surrounding conflict and Muslim responses to them., 4.6 Holy War: the nature of a Holy War (Harb al-Maqadis) within Islam; Muslim teachings about war and peace as shown in the Qur’an; divergent Muslim teachings about war, with specific reference to the lesser Jihad, including interpretations of Surah 8:61 and 9:1–14. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1D: Buddhism - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.3 Buddhist teaching about the purpose and importance of the family: Buddhist teaching about the purpose of families, including the Sigalovada Sutta; Buddhist responses to the different types of family within 21st-century society (nuclear, single parent, same-sex parents, extended and blended families)., 2.5 Buddhist teaching on contraception: divergent Buddhist teachings and attitudes about contraception and family planning, including reference to The Natural World by XIV Dalai Lama; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to family planning and the application of ethical theories such as situation ethics and Buddhist responses to them., 2.6 Buddhist teachings about divorce: divergent Buddhist beliefs, teachings and attitudes towards divorce and remarriage, including A Happy Married Life: A Buddhist Perspective by Ven. K. Sri Dhammananda; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to divorce and remarriage, i ncluding the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Buddhist responses to them. +4 more

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    Area of Study 1A: Catholic Christianity - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.4 Implications of Catholic teachings about value and sanctity of life for the issue of abortion: the nature of abortion; Church teachings about abortion, including reference to Humanae Vitae; divergent pro-life and pro-choice Christian, non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments, including the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Catholic responses to them., 4.5 Catholic teachings and beliefs about life after death: Catholic teachings that support the existence of a life after death, including Ephesians 2:1–10; divergent Christian and non-religious arguments for life after death (including remembered lives, paranormal, logic, reward, comfort and meeting loved ones); the significance of belief in life after death for Catholics., 4.6 Catholic responses to non-religious arguments against life after death: why Catholics reject arguments against belief in life after death (including as a source of comfort, lack of evidence, fraudulent accounts and social control), including 1 Peter 3:18–22. +4 more

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    Area of Study 2E: Hinduism - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.8 Hindu attitudes to issues surrounding conflict: Hindu teachings and responses to the nature and history of problems involved in conflict – violence, war and terrorism, including Bhagavad Gita 11 ; how Hindus have worked to overcome these issues; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) views towards the issues surrounding conflict and Hindu responses to them., 4.1 Hindu attitudes towards peace: the nature of peace; divergent Hindu attitudes towards the importance of peace; Hindu teachings about peace, including Bhagavad Gita 1.65–67., 4.5 Hindu attitudes to the Just War theory: Hindu teachings and responses about the nature, history and importance of the Just War theory; the conditions of a Just War; divergent Hindu opinions about whether a Just War is possible, including Bhagavad Gita 2.31–38; the application of ethical theories such as situation ethics . +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 2G: Sikhism - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.4 Sikh attitudes towards punishment : divergent Sikh teachings and attitudes to the nature and use of punishment, including reference to the Rahit Maryada Section 6 Chapter 8 Article XXV and links to situation ethics; Sikh teachings on why punishment can be regarded as justice and why punishment might be needed in society., 2.8 Sikh attitudes towards the death penalty: the nature and purpose of capital punishment; divergent Sikh teachings about the nature, purpose and arguments surrounding the use of capital punishment, including interpretations of God’s power of life and death in Guru Granth Sahib 7; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes towards the use of capital punishment, including the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Sikh responses to them., 2.7 Sikh teachings about the treatment of criminals including the opportunity of reformation and the seeking of God in Guru Granth Sahib 245; divergent Sikh attitudes towards the use of torture, human rights, fair trial and trial by jury; the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, which may accept the use of torture if it is for the greater good. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2A: Catholic Christianity - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.6 Catholic attitudes to Holy War: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature of a Holy War; the nature and meaning of Catholic teachings about war and peace, including interpretations of Matthew 10:34–40; divergent Christian teachings about war; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes towards Holy War and Catholic responses to them., 4.4 Catholic attitudes to pacifism: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature and history of pacifism; Catholic teachings about passive resistance, including John 14:22–31 and an example of its use, including Thomas Merton; divergent Christian attitudes to pacifism, including reference to Quakers and passive resistance and Catholic responses to them., 4.5 Catholic attitudes to the Just War theory: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature, history and importance of the Just War theory; the conditions of a Just War; divergent Christian opinions about whether a Just War is possible with links to situation ethics; Catholic teachings on Just War, including interpretations of Romans 13:1–7; the application of ethical theories such as situation ethics . +1 more

    4 objectives4 subtopics

    Area of Study 2D: Buddhism - Section 1: Buddhist Beliefs

    1.3 First Noble Truth, including reference to the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: the nature of dukkha; Buddhist teachings about suffering; the different types of suffering as pain, fabrication and change; the importance of suffering for Buddhists today., 1.2 Dhamma: the nature and different meaning of dhamma ( dependent origination /conditionality) ; the nature and importance of paticca-samuppada and the Three Marks of Existence, including reference to the Story of Nagasena and the Chariot in the Milinda Panha; suffering (dukkha), no fixed self (anicca) and soul or essence (anatta); the implications of belief in dhamma for Buddhists today., 1.8 Buddhist ethical teachings: divergent Buddhist understandings of the nature, purpose and importance of kamma, including Dhammapada 181–187 and the Khuddakapatha , merit and rebirth, karuna (compassion), metta (loving kindness), pancha sila (the Five Precepts) and the paramitas (Six Perfections); the divergent applications of each of these ethical teachings in Buddhist life today. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2D: Buddhism - Section 4: Peace and Conflict

    4.4 Buddhist attitudes to pacifism: Buddhist teachings and responses to the nature and history of pacifism, including links to the Five Precepts and Cunda Kammaraputta Sutta; Buddhist teachings about passive resistance and examples of its use within Buddhism., 4.5 Buddhist attitudes to the Just War theory: Buddhist teachings and responses to the nature and importance of the Just War theory; divergent opinions on whether the Just War theory should be rejected by Buddhists, including reference to War and Peace: A Buddhist Perspective by the Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi; the application of ethical theories such as situation ethics., 4.3 Buddhist attitudes to conflict: Buddhist teachings and responses to the nature and causes of conflict, including links to the Three Poisons and Itivuttaka 50; Buddhist responses to the problems conflict causes within society and links to situation ethics; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes about the role of religion in the causes of conflict and Buddhist responses to them. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 3G: Sikhism - Section 3: Living the Sikh Life

    3.3 Langar: the history of langar including Guru Granth Sahib 967; the nature and purposes of langar; the significance of langar for Sikhs today, especially as an expression of sewa., 3.2 The gurdwara: the role and importance of the gurdwara within the Sikh community including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 1391; activities that take place within the gurdwara and why; the nature and importance of visiting Sikh historical gurdwaras: the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar (the Golden Temple); divergent understandings of the importance of making such visits, including reference to Guru Granth Sahib 4., 3.6 Akhand path (continuous 48-hour reading of the Guru Granth Sahib): the nature, history, role and purpose of the akhand path including reference Rahit Maryada Chapter 7; how and why Sikhs might take part in the akhand path: why the akhand path is important for the Sikh community and for individual Sikhs. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 3D: Buddhism - Section 1: Buddhist Beliefs

    1.2 Dhamma: the nature and different meaning of dhamma ( dependent origination /conditionality) ; the nature and importance of paticca-samuppada and the Three Marks of Existence, including reference to the Story of Nagasena and the Chariot in the Milinda Panha; suffering (dukkha), no fixed self (anicca) and soul or essence (anatta); the implications of belief in dhamma for Buddhists today., 1.3 First Noble Truth, including reference to the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: the nature of dukkha; Buddhist teachings about suffering; the different types of suffering as pain, fabrication and change; the importance of suffering for Buddhists today., 1.7 Human life: divergent Buddhist understandings of the nature and importance of the Five Khandas (aggregates), including the Khandha Sutta; divergent Buddhist understandings of the nature and importance of sunnata and tathagatagarbha (Buddha-nature); divergent Buddhist understandings of the nature and importance of Arahant and Bodhisattva Ideals; divergent Buddhist understandings of the nature and history of Buddhahood and the Pure Land. +1 more

    4 objectives4 subtopics

    Area of Study 2A: Catholic Christianity - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.5 Catholic attitudes towards the aims of punishment : Catholic attitudes towards each of the aims of punishment (protection, retribution, deterrence and reformation); the nature and meaning of biblical examples of teaching about punishment, including Galatians 6:1–10., 2.6 Catholic teachings about forgiveness: Catholic teachings and responses to the nature of forgiveness and biblical teachings about it; how offenders are forgiven by the community and why this is needed; Catholic teachings about mercy and why is it important to show mercy to criminals, including Matthew 5:21–26., 2.7 Catholic teachings about the treatment of criminals: Catholic teachings about the treatment of criminals, including Proverbs 31:8–9; Catholic teachings about the use of torture, human rights, fair trial and trial by jury; divergent attitudes, including the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, towards the treatment of criminals, which may accept the use of torture if it is for the greater good. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 2F: Judaism - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.8 Jewish attitudes towards the death penalty: the nature and purpose of capital punishment; divergent Jewish attitudes and teachings for and against capital punishment, including Exodus 21:12–25 and Mishnah Makkot 1:10; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes towards the use of capital punishment, including the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, and Jewish responses to them., 2.1 Jewish attitudes towards justice: the nature of justice and why justice is important for Jews, including Deuteronomy 19:19–21; Jewish responses to why justice is important for the victim; non-religious attitudes (including atheist and Humanist) about why justice is important, regardless of religion and belief, and Jewish responses to these attitudes., 2.4 Jewish attitudes towards punishment: the nature of punishment, why punishment is important for Jews, Jewish teachings about punishment, including Leviticus 24:19–23; why punishment can be regarded as justice, why punishment might be needed in society. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2D: Buddhism - Section 3: Living the Buddhist Life

    3.5 How and why objects of devotion are used within different Buddhist places of worship, buddharupas, including reference to Vakkali Sutta, shrine, Bodhi tree; divergent understandings of why devotional objects are important in Buddhism today., 3.4 Features of Buddhist places of worship: the divergent nature, history and design of Buddhist places of worship, including temples, gompas, viharas, shrines in Theravada, Mahayana and Triratna Buddhism; how and why the places of worship are used, including reference to the shrine room, shrine facing east, and the library, showing the importance of learning with reference to the Kimsila Sutta., 3.2 Chanting: the nature, purpose and role of chanting in Buddhism as a devotional practice and to gain mental concentration, including Dhammapada 1–2 , confidence and joy. The divergent understandings of the importance of chanting in Buddhist life today: Theravada Buddhism, including Tiratana Buddhism, with reference to Dhammapada 190, and Mahayana Buddhism, including Nam Myoho Renge Kyo. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 2F: Judaism - Section 1: Jewish Beliefs

    1.3 The nature and purpose of the Messiah: how messiahship is shown in the scriptures, including Jeremiah 23:5–8; the nature and significance of the Messianic Age and the Jewish responsibility to bring it about; divergent understandings of the Messiah in different forms of Orthodox and Reform Judaism and the importance of them for Jewish people today., 1.2 The nature and importance of Shekhinah: how the divine presence is shown in the Torah and why it is important including interpretations of 2 Chronicles 7:1–3; the divergent understandings of Shekhinah found in different forms of Orthodox Judaism and the importance of them for Jews today., 1.6 Sanctity of life: why human life is holy for Jewish people; how life is shown as special. The nature and importance of Pikuach Nefesh (primacy of life): life takes precedence over everything, with reference to Talmud Yoma 83–84; divergent understandings of how and why the principle of Pikuach Nefesh is applied by Jews today. +1 more

    4 objectives4 subtopics

    Area of Study 3D: Buddhism - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.1 Buddhist teachings about the non-existence of a personal God: Buddha’s teaching about the lack of need for God, including the Devadaha Sutta; the implications of lack of belief in a personal God for Buddhist life today., 2.6 Visions: Buddhist teachings about the nature and importance of visions with reference to the Vajra Sutta and vision of Maitreya by Asanga and the giving of the ‘Five Treatises of Maitreya’; Buddhist attitudes towards visions as emptiness/ illusions/ dreams as message dreams or as an indication of a person’s mental health; divergent Buddhist teachings on why visions might be important to Buddhists and why they might not be; Buddhist responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) which maintain that visions are hallucinations and provide no spiritual benefit., 2.8 Religious upbringing: how a Buddhist upbringing provides a basis for an understanding of reality; features of a Buddhist upbringing and why they may lead to belief, including the Sigalovada Sutta; Buddhist responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments about why a religious upbringing may result in a rejection of God’s existence. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 2C: Islam - Section 2: Crime and Punishment

    2.2 Muslim attitudes towards crime: Muslim teachings about and responses to the nature, causes and problem of crime, including Surah 16:90 – 92 and about crime as a distraction from a focus on Allah; what action is taken by Muslim individuals and Muslim groups to end crime, including the Muslim Chaplains Association and the work of the Mosaic Community Trust., 2.6 Muslim teachings about forgiveness: Muslim teachings and responses about the nature and importance of forgiveness, including Surah 64:14; how offenders are forgiven by the community and why this is needed; Muslim responses to the nature and use of restorative justice, and why it is important for criminals., 2.7 Muslim teachings about the treatment of criminals: Muslim teachings about the treatment of criminals, including interpretations of Surah 76:1–12; divergent Muslim attitudes towards the use of torture, human rights, fair trial and trial by jury; the application of ethical theories, such as situation ethics, which may accept the use of torture if it is for the greater good. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 1G: Sikhism - Section 2: Marriage and the Family

    2.2 Sikh teaching about the importance of sexual relationships: divergent Sikh teaching about sexual relationships; Sikh teaching on sexual relationships outside of marriage and same-sex sexual relationships, including Guru Granth Sahib 4 and discussion of the January 2005 edict of the Jathedar of the Akal Takht in Amritsar; non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) attitudes to sexual relationships, including the acceptance of sexual relationships outside marriage and same-sex sexual relationships and Sikh responses to them., 2.7 Sikh teaching about the equality of men and women in the family: divergent Sikh beliefs, teachings and attitudes about the role of men and women in the family including Guru Granth Sahib 788., 2.4 Support for the family in the Sikh community: how and why the local community tries to support families, including through family worship, rites of passage, classes for parents, groups for children and counselling; the importance of this support in the sangat for Sikhs today, including Rahit Maryada Chapter 10. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 3E: Hinduism - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.3 Hindu attitudes towards numinous experiences: the nature and importance of numinous experiences for Hindus; scriptural examples with reference to Bhagavad Gita 12 and non-religious examples of numinous experiences; divergent understandings of why numinous experiences might lead Hindus to believe in the existence of God and reasons why they might not., 2.2 Visions as proof of the existence of God: the nature and importance of visions for Hindus; scriptural examples, including reference to Bhagavad Gita 11 and non- religious examples of visions; reasons why they might lead to belief in the existence of God and Hindu responses to non-religious arguments (including atheist and Humanist) which maintain that visions are hallucinations and provide no proof that God exists; divergent understandings of what visions show about the nature of God for Hindus., 2.7 Hindu attitudes towards religious experiences and its use as a philosophical argument for the existence of God, including interpretations of Bhagavad Gita 13.23–27: the nature of a religious experience for Hindus and why it might or might not be regarded as real; Hindu responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments that religious experiences do not provide proof that God exists. +5 more

    8 objectives8 subtopics

    Area of Study 3F: Judaism - Section 3: Living the Jewish Life

    3.5 The importance of ritual for Jews today: the nature, features and purpose of birth rituals (including Brit Milah), Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, and marriage rituals, including interpretations of Genesis 21:1–8, Genesis 17 and Leviticus 12; the nature, purpose and importance of the mourning rituals of funeral, shiva, avelut and yahrzeit for Jews today; divergent understandings of the importance of each ritual for different forms of Orthodox and Reform Judaism today., 3.1 The nature and purpose of Jewish public acts of worship: the nature, features and purpose of Jewish public worship, including interpretations of Psalms 116:12–19 ; the nature, features and importance of synagogue services for the Jewish community and the individual., 3.3 The nature and purpose of prayer in the home and of private prayer: the nature, features and purpose of prayer three times a day; the importance of having different forms of prayers, including interpretations of Psalms 55:16–23 . +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2B: Christianity - Section 3: Living the Christian Life

    3.5 Christian religious celebrations: the nature and history of Christian festivals in the church year, including Christmas and Easter; the significance of celebrating Advent and Christmas; the significance of celebrating Holy Week and Easter, with reference to interpretations of 1 Corinthians 15:12–34., 3.3 The nature and purpose of prayer: the nature of and examples of the different types of prayer; set prayers; informal prayer and the Lord’s Prayer, including Matthew 6:5–14; when each type might be used and why; divergent Christian attitudes towards the importance of each type of prayer for Christians today., 3.6 The future of the Christian Church: Church growth, the history and purpose of missionary and evangelical work, including reference to Mark 16:9–20 and John 20:21–22; divergent ways this is put into practice by the Church locally, nationally and globally; Christian attitudes of why evangelical work is important for the Church and for individual Christians. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 1C: Islam - Section 1: Muslim Beliefs

    1.3 The nature of Allah: how the characteristics of Allah are shown in the Qur’an and why they are important; Tawhid (oneness), including Surah 16:35–36, immanence, transcendence, omnipotence, beneficence, mercy, fairness and justice, Adalat in Shi’a Islam., 1.7 al-Qadr: the nature and importance of Predestination for Muslims; how al-Qadr and human freedom relates to the Day of Judgement, including reference to Sahih al-Bukhari 78:685; divergent understandings of predestination in Sunni and Shi’a Islam; the implications of belief in al-Qadr for Muslims today., 1.2 The Five Roots of ‘Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam: Tawhid (oneness of Allah); 'Adl (Divine Justice); Nubuwwah (Prophethood); Imamah (Successors to Muhammad) and Mi'ad (The Day of Judgment and the Resurrection); the nature, history and purpose of the Five Roots with reference to their Qur’anic basis, including Surah 112 (the oneness of Allah); the importance of these principles for different Shi’a communities today, including Sevener and Twelver. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Assessment Objectives

    AO1: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of religion and belief, including: beliefs, practices and sources of authority, influence on individuals, communities and societies, similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs., AO2: Analyse and evaluate aspects of religion and belief, including their significance and influence.

    2 objectives2 subtopics

    Area of Study 3D: Buddhism - Section 3: Living the Buddhist Life

    3.1 Meditation: the nature, purpose and significance of meditation in Buddhism; the different types of meditation: samatha (concentration), metta bhavana (loving kindness) and vipassana (insight); meditative practices, including mindfulness breathing and zazen, divergent understanding of the nature and importance of visualisation of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas, including Amitāyus Meditation S utra ; how the different practices are used by Mahayana and Theravada Buddhists and the benefits from their use., 3.2 Chanting: the nature, purpose and role of chanting in Buddhism as a devotional practice and to gain mental concentration, including Dhammapada 1–2 , confidence and joy. The divergent understandings of the importance of chanting in Buddhist life today: Theravada Buddhism, including Tiratana Buddhism, with reference to Dhammapada 190, and Mahayana Buddhism, including Nam Myoho Renge Kyo., 3.7 Death and mourning rituals and ceremonies: the divergent celebration and significance of the ceremonies in Buddhist communities and to Buddhists; the distinct significance of the rituals associated with death and mourning in Theravada communities and in Japan and Tibet, with reference to the Tibetan Book of the Dead. +1 more

    4 objectives4 subtopics

    Area of Study 1G: Sikhism - Section 4: Matters of Life and Death

    4.8 Sikh responses to issues in the natural world: Sikh responses to threats to the world, including pollution, global warming and the use of natural resources, including Guru Granth Sahib 1037; divergent Sikh responses to animal rights, including animal experimentation and the use of animals for food, and the application of ethical theories such as utilitarianism., 4.2 Sikh teachings about the sanctity of life: Sikh teachings about why human life is holy; Sikh teachings on the sanctity of life including Guru Granth Sahib 1239; divergent understandings of the importance of sanctity of life for Sikhs today., 4.5 Sikh responses to the existence of death and the afterlife: Sikh teachings and beliefs that support the existence of a life after death; divergent Sikh responses to arguments for life after death (including remembered lives, including possible interpretations of Guru Granth Sahib 19, paranormal, logic, reward, comfort and meeting loved ones); the significance of arguments for belief in life after death for Sikhs. +3 more

    6 objectives6 subtopics

    Area of Study 3F: Judaism - Section 2: Philosophy of Religion

    2.6 Cosmological argument: the cosmological argument for the existence of the Almighty and its use by Jews as a philosophical argument for the existence of God; divergent understandings of the nature and importance of what the cosmological argument shows about the nature of the Almighty, including interpretations of Psalm 33 and Isaiah 45; Jewish responses to non-religious (including atheist and Humanist) arguments against the cosmological argument as evidence for the existence of the Almighty., 2.8 The solutions offered to the problem of suffering within Judaism: theoretical and practical, including life as a test, Psalms including reference to Psalm 119, Job, prayer, and charity; and their success in solving the problem divergent understandings within Judaism of their success in solving the problem., 2.7 Issues raised by existence of suffering: the problems it raises for Jews about the nature of the Almighty, including Psalm 103; how the problem and its basis as a philosophical argument may lead some people to reject belief in the Almighty or cause believers to question their belief. +4 more

    7 objectives7 subtopics

    Area of Study 3A: Catholic Christianity - Section 3: Living the Catholic Life

    3.6 Pilgrimage: the nature, history and purpose of Catholic pilgrimage; the significance of the places people go on pilgrimage; divergent Christian understandings about whether pilgrimage is important for Christians today, with specific reference to Jerusalem, Lourdes, Rome, Walsingham and the Catechism of the Catholic Church 2691–2696., 3.1 The sacramental nature of reality: Catholic teachings about how the whole of creation manifests the presence of God; the meaning and effects of each of the seven sacraments, including Catechism of the Catholic Church 1210–1211; the practice and symbolism of each sacrament; how sacraments communicate the grace of God; divergent Christian attitudes to sacraments, including reference to Orthodox and Protestant Christianity., 3.4 Prayer as the ‘raising of hearts and minds to God’: the nature and significance of different types of prayer; the Lord’s Prayer, including Matthew 6:5–14, set (formulaic) prayers and informal (extempore) prayer; when each type might be used and why; the importance of prayer and the importance for Catholics of having different types of worship.

    3 objectives3 subtopics

    Area of Study 3G: Sikhism - Section 4: Equality

    4.2 Sikh attitudes towards equality: Sikh teachings and responses to the causes of inequality and problems caused by inequality in the world with reference to examples; Sikh teachings and practices that reflect equality, including Guru Granth Sahib 349; possible Sikh solutions to inequality and why Sikhs may support them., 4.6 Sikh teachings and attitudes towards racial discrimination: Sikh teachings about why it causes problems in society, including Guru Granth Sahib 300 ; Sikh responses to racial discrimination as shown in the life and teachings of Guru Nanak and those teachings that may reflect ethical theories such as situation ethics; Humanist and atheistic responses to racial discrimination., 4.8 Sikh attitudes towards wealth and poverty: divergent Sikh teachings and responses to the nature and causes of poverty in the UK and in the world; Sikh teachings about wealth and poverty, including Guru Granth Sahib 1159, and how these may link to ethical theory. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

    Area of Study 2E: Hinduism - Section 1: Hindu Beliefs

    1.5 The nature of the individual and life within Hinduism: the nature and importance of the atman (eternal self), karma, the cycle of samsara, moksha; divergent Hindu understandings of the nature of the individual and life, including interpretations of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4 ; why beliefs about the atman, karma, samsara and moksha are important for Hindus today., 1.2 The nature and importance of understanding Brahman as Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman: how Nirguna Brahman and Saguna Brahman are shown in Hindu scripture, for example Nirguna (Taittiriya Upanishad 2.7.1–2) and Saguna (Rig Veda 1.154.1–2); the nature and importance of Vaikuntha (spiritual worlds); divergent ways in which belief in each may be expressed in the life of Hindus today.

    2 objectives2 subtopics

    Area of Study 2A: Catholic Christianity - Section 1: Catholic Beliefs

    1.1 The Trinity: the nature and significance of the Trinity as expressed in the Nicene Creed; the nature and significance of the oneness of God; the nature and significance of each of the Persons individually: God as the Father, Son and Holy Spirit; how this is reflected in worship and belief in the life of a Catholic today., 1.5 The Incarnation: Jesus as incarnate Son, the divine Word, both fully God and fully human; the scriptural origins of this belief, including John 1:1–18 and its importance for Catholics today., 1.4 The significance of the Creation account in understanding the nature of humanity: the nature and significance of the nature of humanity being created in the image of God, including reference to Genesis 1–3 and divergent understandings of humanity’s relationship with Creation (dominion and stewardship); the implications of these beliefs for Catholics today. +5 more

    8 objectives8 subtopics

    Area of Study 1C: Islam - Section 3: Living the Muslim Life

    3.1 Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam: their nature, history and purpose of the Ten Obligatory Acts; the diversity of practice and importance of Ten Obligatory Acts for Shi’a Muslims today; their basis in the Qur’an, including reference to Surah 9:71–73; divergent understandings of these principles within Sunni Islam, including links with the Five Pillars., 3.3 Salah as one of the Five Pillars, including reference to Surah 15:98–99 and 29:45: the nature, history, significance and purpose of Salah for Sunni and Shi’a Muslims, including different ways of understanding them; how Salah is performed, including ablution, times, directions, movements and recitations, in the home and mosque and Jummah prayer., 3.5 Zakah as one of the Five Pillars and Khums: the nature, role, significance and purpose of Zakah and Khums, including Surah 9:58–60 and 8:36–42; why Zakah is important for Sunni Muslims; why Khums is important for Shi’a Muslims; the benefits of receiving Zakah or Khums. +2 more

    5 objectives5 subtopics

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