Question 1

What is the difference between a synagogue and a temple?

Accepted Answer

In Judaism, 'synagogue' is the general term for a Jewish place of worship. 'Temple' often refers to the ancient Temple in Jerusalem, which was destroyed in 70 CE. Some Reform Jewish congregations call their synagogues 'temples' to emphasise that they replace the ancient Temple, but Orthodox Jews avoid this term to show that the Temple has not been rebuilt.

Question 2

Why do Jews cover their heads in the synagogue?

Accepted Answer

Covering the head (with a kippah or skullcap) is a sign of respect and acknowledgment of God's presence above. It is a custom, not a commandment, but is widely observed in Orthodox and Conservative synagogues. In Reform synagogues, it is optional. Some also wear a tallit (prayer shawl) during morning prayers.

Question 3

What happens during a Shabbat service in the synagogue?

Accepted Answer

Shabbat services include evening (Kabbalat Shabbat), morning (Shacharit), and afternoon (Minchah) prayers. The morning service is the longest, featuring the Shema, Amidah, and a Torah reading. The Torah is taken from the Ark, paraded around the synagogue, and read from the bimah. A sermon is often given by the rabbi. The service ends with the Aleinu prayer and Kaddish.

Question 4

Can women be rabbis in Judaism?

Accepted Answer

In Orthodox Judaism, only men can be rabbis, as women are not permitted to lead public prayer or study Torah in the same way. However, in Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist Judaism, women can be ordained as rabbis and cantors. This reflects different interpretations of Jewish law and gender roles.

Question 5

What is the ner tamid and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The ner tamid (eternal light) is a lamp that hangs above the Ark in the synagogue. It is kept burning continuously as a symbol of God's eternal presence and the light of the Torah. It also recalls the menorah in the ancient Temple. It reminds worshippers that God is always with them.

Question 6

How does the synagogue reflect Jewish beliefs about community?

Accepted Answer

The synagogue is called 'beit knesset' (house of assembly), showing its role as a community centre. It hosts social events, study groups, and charity work. Prayers are often said in a minyan (quorum of 10 adults), emphasising that communal prayer is more powerful than individual prayer. This reflects the Jewish value of kehillah (community) and collective responsibility.

The synagogue and worship

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