Question 1

What does Christianity teach about the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

Christianity has diverse views on the death penalty. Some Christians, particularly those who interpret the Bible literally, point to Old Testament passages like 'an eye for an eye' (Exodus 21:24) as support. However, many Christians oppose it, citing Jesus' teaching to turn the other cheek (Matthew 5:38-39) and the sanctity of life (Genesis 1:27). The Catholic Church and many Protestant denominations now oppose capital punishment, emphasising forgiveness and the possibility of reform.

Question 2

Why do Muslims believe in justice but also forgiveness?

Accepted Answer

In Islam, justice (adl) is a core attribute of Allah, and Muslims are commanded to uphold justice even against themselves (Qur'an 4:135). However, forgiveness is also highly encouraged, as Allah is 'Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful' (Qur'an 39:53). The Qur'an balances justice with mercy, allowing victims to forgive or accept compensation (diya) instead of demanding retribution. This reflects the belief that forgiveness is closer to piety (Qur'an 5:45).

Question 3

What are the four aims of punishment in religious studies?

Accepted Answer

The four aims are retribution (paying back society for the harm caused), deterrence (discouraging the offender and others from committing crime), reformation (changing the offender's behaviour), and protection (keeping society safe by imprisoning criminals). Religious perspectives often prioritise reformation and forgiveness, but also recognise retribution as a form of justice. For example, Christianity emphasises repentance and restoration, while Islam includes both punishment and mercy.

Question 4

How do religious people view prison as a punishment?

Accepted Answer

Many religious people support prison as a means of protection and reformation, but they often criticise conditions that fail to rehabilitate. Christians may advocate for restorative justice programmes that involve victims and offenders, while Muslims emphasise the importance of education and spiritual guidance in prison. Both traditions believe in the possibility of change and offer chaplaincy services to support prisoners' moral and spiritual development.

Question 5

What is the difference between a crime and a sin?

Accepted Answer

A crime is an act that breaks the law of a country and is punishable by the state, while a sin is an act that goes against religious law or God's will. Some actions, like murder, are both crimes and sins. However, not all sins are crimes (e.g., lying might be a sin but not always illegal), and not all crimes are sins (e.g., parking illegally is not typically considered a sin). Religious people believe that sin ultimately offends God, while crime harms society.

Question 6

How do Christians and Muslims explain why people commit crime?

Accepted Answer

Both traditions recognise multiple causes. Christians often point to the concept of original sin, which suggests humans have a tendency to do wrong (Genesis 3). They also cite free will, temptation, and social factors like poverty. Muslims similarly believe in human weakness and the influence of Shaytan (Satan), but also emphasise personal responsibility. The Qur'an says that Allah does not change a people's condition unless they change themselves (13:11), highlighting the role of individual choice and societal justice.

Theme E: Religion, crime and punishment

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Related Topics in AQA GCSE Religious Studies

Authority

Beliefs about the nature of human life

Beliefs and teachings

Buddhism

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