Area of Study 2C – Islam (Study of Second Religion) — Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies

Area of Study 2C – Islam (Study of Second Religion) in Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies focuses on the beliefs, teachings, and practices of Islam as a living faith. Students explore core Islamic concepts such as Tawhid (the oneness of God), prophethood, and the afterlife, alongside key practices like the Five Pillars and Jihad. This area also examines how Muslims apply their faith in modern Britain, including issues of identity, diversity, and ethical decision-making. Understanding Islam is essential for appreciating the religious landscape of the UK and fostering interfaith dialogue.

This topic builds on foundational knowledge from Area of Study 1 (Christianity) and prepares students for comparative questions in Paper 2. It requires students to analyse sources of wisdom and authority, such as the Qur'an and Hadith, and to evaluate differing interpretations within Sunni and Shi'a traditions. Mastery of this area enables students to engage critically with contemporary debates about religion, ethics, and society, which is a key skill for the GCSE examination.

In the exam, students must demonstrate knowledge of Islamic beliefs and practices, apply them to ethical issues, and evaluate contrasting viewpoints. The topic is assessed through short-answer questions, source analysis, and extended writing. Success depends on precise use of Islamic terminology, reference to sacred texts, and awareness of diversity within Islam.

• →Tawhid: The absolute oneness and uniqueness of Allah, the central belief in Islam that shapes all other doctrines.
• →Risalah: Prophethood, including the belief in messengers like Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, and Muhammad (peace be upon them) as recipients of divine revelation.
• →Akhirah: The afterlife, including resurrection, judgment, heaven (Jannah), and hell (Jahannam), which motivates moral behaviour.
• →Five Pillars: Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), Zakah (charity), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
• →Jihad: A struggle or effort, including the greater jihad (personal spiritual struggle) and lesser jihad (defence of the faith).

• Understanding of the Six Beliefs of Islam and their significance.
• Knowledge of the Five Roots of Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam.
• Explanation of the nature of Allah (Tawhid, immanence, transcendence, etc.).
• Understanding of Risalah and the roles of prophets (Adam, Ibrahim, Muhammad, etc.).
• Knowledge of Muslim holy books (Qur’an, Tawrat, Zabur, Injil, Sahifah).
• Understanding of Malaikah and their roles.
• Explanation of al-Qadr and its relationship to human freedom and the Day of Judgement.
• Understanding of Akhirah, judgement, paradise, and hell.
• Knowledge of the Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam.
• Understanding of the Five Pillars (Shahadah, Salah, Sawm, Zakah/Khums, Hajj).
• Explanation of Jihad (greater and lesser).
• Knowledge of festivals and commemorations (Id-ul-Adha, Id-ul-Fitr, Id-ul-Ghadeer, Ashura).
• Ability to compare and contrast beliefs about the afterlife with Christianity.
• Ability to compare and contrast the practice and significance of worship with Christianity.

• 💡Ensure you can explicitly compare and contrast Islamic beliefs about the afterlife with Christian beliefs.
• 💡Be prepared to explain the significance of worship in both Islam and Christianity.
• 💡Use specialist terminology (e.g., Tawhid, Risalah, Akhirah, Salah, Zakah) accurately.
• 💡Refer to specific Qur’anic surahs or Hadith to support your explanations.
• 💡Structure your evaluation (12-mark questions) by considering different points of view and providing a justified conclusion.
• 💡Use precise Islamic terminology (e.g., Tawhid, Risalah, Akhirah) and explain it in your own words to show understanding, not just recall.
• 💡When evaluating, always consider both Sunni and Shi'a perspectives where relevant, and support your points with quotes from the Qur'an or Hadith.
• 💡For 12-mark questions, structure your answer with a clear introduction, two or three developed arguments with evidence, and a reasoned conclusion that addresses the question directly.

• Failing to distinguish between Sunni and Shi’a perspectives where required.
• Confusing the Five Pillars of Sunni Islam with the Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam.
• Generalizing Islamic beliefs without referencing specific Qur’anic or Hadith sources.
• Neglecting to address the comparative element (Islam vs. Christianity) for the afterlife and worship topics.
• Misunderstanding the distinction between greater and lesser Jihad.
• Misconception: All Muslims interpret Jihad as holy war. Correction: Jihad primarily means spiritual struggle; armed struggle is only permitted in self-defence and under strict conditions.
• Misconception: The Qur'an is the only source of authority in Islam. Correction: The Hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad) and Sunnah (his example) are also crucial for guidance, especially in matters not explicitly covered in the Qur'an.
• Misconception: Sunni and Shi'a Muslims believe in different gods. Correction: Both branches believe in the same Allah and the same Qur'an; their differences are about leadership and interpretation of early Islamic history.