Hard engineering
What Hard engineering means in Geography GCSE, as defined for AQA, Pearson Edexcel.
Definitions of Hard engineering
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Reference: AQA
A category of coastal management strategy that uses artificial structures, such as sea walls to deflect wave energy or groynes to trap sediment and interrupt longshore drift.
Involves artificial structures such as reinforced concrete flood walls, earth embankments to increase channel capacity, or a flood relief channel to bypass a settlement.
Building artificial structures, such as dams, reservoirs, and embankments, to control river flow directly.
The installation of artificial structures to control coastal processes and prevent erosion.
Building artificial structures to control river flow and reduce flood risk.
The use of artificial, often concrete or rock, structures to defend the coast against erosion and flooding.
Topics that use Hard engineering
- Coastal landscapes in the UK (AQA GCSE)
- River landscapes in the UK (AQA GCSE)
- Human activities can lead to changes in coastal landscapes which affect people and the environment (Pearson Edexcel GCSE)
Related terms
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