History A-Level
Top-down versus Bottom-up History
What Top-down versus Bottom-up History means in History A-Level, as defined for AQA.
Definition of Top-down versus Bottom-up History
Check what you remember
Read the wording for your board, then hide it and explain Top-down versus Bottom-up History in your own words. Rough notes are fine. This is a self-check, with no mark or grade.
Reference: AQA
Balancing top-down individual actions with bottom-up group pressures, rather than focusing solely on leaders and ignoring social groups.
Topics that use Top-down versus Bottom-up History
- 1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964 – consequence in this period through the following key questions: (AQA A-Level)
Related terms
- Agricultural reform and collectivisation
- Autocracy
- Autocracy and Dictatorship
- Centralisation of the State
- Continuity and change across the 1917 divide
- Education and the arts
- Ideological conflict
- Ideology and Justification of Power
Using Top-down versus Bottom-up History in the exam
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