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    Mathematics A-Level

    p-value

    What p-value means in Mathematics A-Level, as defined for AQA, WJEC.

    Definitions of p-value

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    Reference: WJEC

    The probability of observing a result at least as extreme as the test statistic under H₀.
    WJEC · Statistical hypothesis testing (AS Unit 2: Applied Mathematics A)
    Assuming H₀ is true, the probability of a result at least as extreme as the observed result in the direction specified by H₁.
    AQA · O: Statistical hypothesis testing (study guide)

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