Software classification: applications

The idea

In the AQA 8525 software classification topic, software is sorted into system software and application software. Application software (often shortened to 'applications' or 'apps') is the category of programs written to carry out tasks a user actually wants to do, rather than to keep the computer itself running. Typical examples include a word processor, a spreadsheet, a web browser, a photo editor, a game and a messaging app. The key test is purpose: an application serves the user's task, while system software such as the operating system manages hardware and provides a platform on which applications run. When a multiple-choice question names a program, decide what job it does and who it serves before choosing the category.

What earns the marks

• Application software is software designed to let the user perform a task or produce something useful, for example writing a document, editing an image or browsing the web.
• Applications are distinct from system software, which manages the computer's hardware and provides the environment in which applications run.
• A word processor, spreadsheet, web browser, photo editor, game and messaging app are all examples of application software.
• The classification depends on the program's purpose (serving the user's task), not on where it is stored or how it is launched.
• An operating system is system software, not an application, because its role is to manage hardware and resources.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Treating the operating system as an application.

  Put it right by noting that the OS is system software that manages hardware and hosts applications.

• Assuming any program with a graphical window is an application.

  Put it right by judging purpose, since system utilities can also have a window.

• Classifying by file location or icon rather than function.

  Put it right by asking what task the software performs for the user.

Exam tips

• Read the whole option before choosing; identify the program's purpose first, then match it to application or system software.
• Eliminate options that describe managing hardware or resources, as these point to system software.
• Recall two or three clear application examples (word processor, web browser, spreadsheet) to anchor your decision.