Preparation, competition, transition.

The idea

This topic covers the three phases of a training year and how each is organised to maintain physical activity and performance. Preparation is the phase before the main competitive period, when training volume is typically high and intensity is built progressively to develop fitness, technique and tactical understanding. Competition is the phase when the performer competes regularly; training load is managed so that the performer is fresh for fixtures while retaining fitness. Transition is the recovery phase after the season, when training volume and intensity drop to allow physical and psychological recovery before preparation begins again. A performer might use high-volume conditioning in preparation, reduce volume but keep intensity sharp in competition, then rest and cross-train in transition.

What earns the marks

• Preparation is the pre-season phase, building fitness, technique and tactics before competition.
• Preparation usually involves higher training volume with intensity increased progressively.
• Competition is the in-season phase, where training is managed around fixtures to keep the performer fresh yet fit.
• Transition is the off-season recovery phase, with reduced volume and intensity for physical and psychological recovery.
• The three phases form a cycle that repeats across the training year.
• Each phase has a distinct purpose, so the balance of volume and intensity changes between them.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Thinking transition means stopping all activity.

  Put it right: Transition uses reduced, lighter activity such as active recovery or cross-training, not complete inactivity.

• Confusing preparation with competition.

  Put it right: Preparation builds fitness before the season, while competition maintains it around fixtures.

• Assuming training volume stays the same all year.

  Put it right: Volume is highest in preparation and lowest in transition, with competition managed around matches.

• Believing competition training should always be maximal.

  Put it right: Load is tapered or managed so the performer is fresh for competition.

Exam tips

• Link each phase to a change in volume and intensity rather than just naming it.
• Use a named activity or sport to show how the phases differ in practice.
• Check whether the question asks about one phase or the whole cycle before answering.