This topic covers the mechanisms by which substances are transported into and out of cells, including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. It further details the structure and function of the human circulatory system and the transport systems in plants, specifically xylem and phloem.
Particles and atomic structure is a foundational topic in Combined Science that explores the building blocks of matter. You'll learn about atoms, their subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons), and how they are arranged. This topic explains why elements have different properties and how atoms combine to form molecules. Understanding atomic structure is essential for grasping chemical reactions, radioactivity, and the periodic table.
The topic begins with Dalton's atomic theory and progresses to the modern model of the atom, including the nucleus and electron shells. You'll study the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons, including their relative masses and charges. The concept of atomic number and mass number is introduced, along with isotopes. This knowledge helps explain why atoms of the same element can have different masses and how radioactive decay occurs.
Atomic structure is central to the WJEC GCSE Combined Science course because it links to many other topics, such as bonding, chemical equations, and nuclear physics. By mastering this topic, you'll be able to predict how atoms behave in reactions and understand the principles behind radioactivity. This foundation is crucial for further study in science and for understanding the world around us.
Key skills and knowledge for this topic
Key points examiners look for in your answers
Expert advice for maximising your marks
Pitfalls to avoid in your exam answers
Common questions students ask about this topic
Comprehensive revision notes & examples
How questions on this topic are typically asked
Practice questions tailored to this topic