Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 (J410/13) - The political and religious impact of war 1642–1649 — OCR GCSE History
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Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 (J410/13) - The political and religious impact of war 1642–1649 explained
After military victory Parliament tried to settle with Charles through the Propositions of Newcastle in 1646–1647, which demanded control of the army and church, and Charles stalled.
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New religious and political groups emerged: Levellers pressed for wider political rights and religious toleration, Quakers spread radical religious ideas, and Diggers argued for common access to land. Parliament reacted with suspicion and sought to restrict such groups. Within Parliament Presbyterian and Independent parties disagreed over church government and over how far to settle with the King, while the Army became an independent political force demanding its own voice in settlement. Negotiations failed, Charles was executed in 1649, and the Rump Parliament declared a Republic in 1649.
Your focus
- Identify the Propositions of Newcastle as Parliament's settlement terms
- Describe Parliament's reaction to Levellers, Quakers and Diggers
- Explain the relationship between Parliament and the Army and the Presbyterian–Independent split
Show all 4 objectives
- Sequence the execution of Charles I and the declaration of the Republic in 1649
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 (J410/13) - The political and religious impact of war 1642–1649 flashcards
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Propositions of Newcastle
Personal Rule to Restoration 1629–1660 (J410/13) - The political and religious impact of war 1642–1649 exam tips
Marking Points
- Identifies the Propositions of Newcastle as Parliament's 1646–1647 terms for settlement with Charles I
- Describes Parliament's hostile or cautious reaction to Levellers, Quakers and Diggers
- Explains the emergence of Presbyterian and Independent parties and their disagreement over church government and settlement
- Links the Army's political role to the breakdown of settlement with the King
- Places the execution of Charles I and the declaration of the Republic by the Rump Parliament in 1649
Examiner Tips
- 💡Match each option to the correct group or body named in the question
- 💡Use the dates 1646–1647 and 1649 to eliminate anachronistic options
- 💡Distinguish Parliament's terms for settlement from the Army's separate demands
- 💡Check whether an option describes a religious group or a political party before selecting it
Common Mistakes
- Treats the Levellers, Quakers and Diggers as one identical group; distinguish their different aims and recognise Parliament's separate reactions
- Dates the Republic before the execution of the King; keep the execution in 1649 ahead of the Rump's declaration of the Republic
- Assumes Parliament and the Army acted as one body; recognise the Army's independent political demands
- Confuses Presbyterian and Independent positions on church government; state each party's stance separately