Question 1

What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

Accepted Answer

The Four Noble Truths are the core of Buddhist teaching. The first truth is that life involves suffering (dukkha). The second truth says that suffering is caused by craving and attachment. The third truth states that suffering can end by letting go of craving, achieving nibbana. The fourth truth outlines the Noble Eightfold Path as the way to end suffering. These truths are not just philosophical; they are a practical diagnosis and prescription for the human condition.

Question 2

Do Buddhists believe in God?

Accepted Answer

Buddhism is generally non-theistic, meaning it does not involve belief in a creator God. Instead, Buddhists focus on the teachings of the Buddha and the path to enlightenment. However, some Mahayana traditions venerate bodhisattvas and celestial Buddhas, who are seen as enlightened beings that help others. These are not gods in the sense of a supreme creator, but rather objects of devotion and inspiration.

Question 3

What is the difference between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?

Accepted Answer

Theravada Buddhism, the 'Way of the Elders,' is prevalent in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. It emphasises the monastic life and the ideal of the arhat (one who has achieved enlightenment). Mahayana Buddhism, the 'Great Vehicle,' is found in East Asia and includes traditions like Zen and Pure Land. It emphasises the bodhisattva ideal—one who postpones their own enlightenment to help others. Mahayana also has a broader canon of scriptures and more diverse practices.

Question 4

How do Buddhists meditate?

Accepted Answer

Buddhist meditation includes two main types: samatha (calming meditation) and vipassana (insight meditation). Samatha involves focusing on a single object, like the breath, to develop concentration and tranquility. Vipassana involves observing thoughts and sensations to gain insight into impermanence and no-self. Meditation is a key practice for developing mindfulness (sati) and progressing on the Noble Eightfold Path.

Question 5

What is karma in Buddhism?

Accepted Answer

Karma is the law of cause and effect in Buddhism. It refers to intentional actions—whether physical, verbal, or mental—that bring about consequences in this life or future lives. Good actions lead to positive results, while harmful actions lead to suffering. Karma is not fate; it is a natural principle that can be changed by one's choices. Understanding karma helps Buddhists take responsibility for their actions and strive for ethical living.

Question 6

What is the significance of Wesak?

Accepted Answer

Wesak (also spelled Vesak) is the most important Buddhist festival, celebrating the birth, enlightenment, and death (parinirvana) of the Buddha. It is observed on the full moon in May. Buddhists visit temples, make offerings, meditate, and listen to teachings. The festival reminds followers of the Buddha's life and teachings, and inspires them to follow the path to enlightenment. It is a time for reflection, generosity, and community.

Buddhism

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