History A-Level
Reform and modernisation
What Reform and modernisation means in History A-Level, as defined for Pearson Edexcel.
Definition of Reform and modernisation
Check what you remember
Read the wording for your board, then hide it and explain Reform and modernisation in your own words. Rough notes are fine. This is a self-check, with no mark or grade.
Reference: Pearson Edexcel
Sought reform through adopting Western technology while preserving Chinese values, as in the Self-Strengthening Movement of the 1860s and 70s.
Topics that use Reform and modernisation
- Paper 3, Option 38.2: The making of modern China, 1860–1997 - 2 Ideologies and individuals behind economic growth (Pearson Edexcel A-Level)
Related terms
- Finance, banking and railway development
- Ideology and economic change
- State-led industrialisation and self-strengthening
- Collectivisation and central planning
- Market transition and capitalism
- Reform, opening and the Four Modernisations
- State planning and Marxism
Using Reform and modernisation in the exam
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