History A-Level
Reform from above versus revolution from below
What Reform from above versus revolution from below means in History A-Level, as defined for Pearson Edexcel.
Definition of Reform from above versus revolution from below
Check what you remember
Read the wording for your board, then hide it and explain Reform from above versus revolution from below in your own words. Rough notes are fine. This is a self-check, with no mark or grade.
Reference: Pearson Edexcel
The elite initiated constitutional reforms to save the monarchy, while the revolution came from popular unrest and mutiny.
Topics that use Reform from above versus revolution from below
- Paper 3, Option 37.2: Germany, 1871–1990: united, divided and reunited - 2 The birth of democratic Germany, 1917–19 (Pearson Edexcel A-Level)
Related terms
- Competing visions of democracy and socialism
- Constitutional design and stability
- Defeat and the collapse of the imperial regime
- Democracy and legitimacy
- Federalism and emergency powers
- Freedom and civil rights
- Peace Resolution
- The role of individuals in shaping the new republic
Using Reform from above versus revolution from below in the exam
Check the command word and mark scheme for your exact question. After comparing your explanation with the reference, use the term in an answer on the linked topic. This practice does not predict an exam mark.
Practise History questions
Create a free account to answer exam-style questions on this topic and get feedback on your answers.
Start free
All History A-Level termsA week of Premium from your first lesson · Then the free plan continues · No card, no charge